Adaptation and evolution of mitochondria: osmotic and ionic considerations

Ballantyne, James S.; Chamberlin, M. E.

doi:10.1139/z88-152

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Once characterized as "too fantastic for present mention in polite biological society," this theory is now generally accepted, largely because of extensive compilations of supporting evidence (e.g., Margulis 1970Margulis , 1981Schwartz 785 and Dayhoff 1978;Baltscheffsky and Baltscheffsky 1981;Gray and Doolittle 1982;McCarroll et al 1983;Spenser et al 1984;Cavalier-Smith 1987a; Ballantyne and Chamberlin 1988;Gray 1992;Knoll 1992). Corresponding to such broad acceptance, a shift of emphasis is also occurring; presently, the focus is on questions of not merely whether mitochondria arose from endosymbionts, but how, and by what evolutionary mechanisms.…”

Section: E B Wilson the Cell In Development And Hereditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, the costs and benefits of the host-mitochondria association are less frequently viewed from the level of the cells that initiated this interaction, the protomitichondrion and the primitive host cell. Yet all evidence suggests that these building blocks of the eukaryotic cell were themselves distinct cells with a long period of independent descent and with strikingly different ecologies and physiologies (Margulis 1970(Margulis , 1981Schwartz and Dayhoff 1978;Yang et al 1985;Zillig et al 1985;Cavalier-Smith 1987a; Ballantyne and Chamberlin 1988;Gogarten et al 1989;Iwabe et al 1989;Woese et al 1990;Rivera and Lake 1992;Rowlands et al 1994). At its inception, the interaction between protomitochondria and the cells that ultimately became their hosts may have involved not just intra-or intergenomic conflict, but crucial intercellular interactions as well.…”

Section: E B Wilson the Cell In Development And Hereditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an ecology (photosynthesis and aerobic respiration) would have placed a premium on active mechanisms to scavenge and detoxify oxidants formed both endogenously and exogenously and to repair oxidative damage to genetic material effectively (see Avise 1993). The primitive host cell, however, is thought to have been an anaerobic, but possibly aerotolerant, heterotroph with a functional glycolytic pathway (e.g., Margulis 1981;Ballantyne and Chamberlin 1988;Fenchel and Bernard 1993). An anaerobic metabolism would shield the host from endogenous oxidants.…”

Section: Host-symbiont Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The very low concentration of Ca 2 + in modern eukaryotes may be a derived feature and may have evolved early in the history of the eukaryotes (Ballantyne and Chamberlin 1988). Since mitotic microtubule systems require low and regulated Ca 2 + concentrations for tubulin polymerization (Borisy et al 1975;Alberts et al 1983), attention has focused on how calcium regulation may have affected the evolution of mitosis and meiosis (Margulis et al 1976;Ballantyne and Chamberlin 1988).…”

Section: Mitochondrial Control Of the Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Margulis et al (1976) suggested that calcium carbonate depositional systems, which produce the shells and skeletons of many marine organisms, may have first evolved to remove intracellular calcium and thus stabilize the mitotic apparatus. Depending on the timing of the endosymbiosis, mitochondria may have also played a role in maintaining low intracellular calcium levels and thus in regulating cell division (Ballantyne and Chamberlin 1988). Early in the evolution of the endosymbiosis, mitochondria may have accumulated stores of calcium.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Control Of the Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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1995

Evolution

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Abstract.-Discussions of mitochondria and their hosts often conceptualize this relationship in a more or less modern form, focusing on the metabolic benefits of mitochondria to the host cell or on the possibility of intragenomic conflict. A more inclusive units-of-evolution perspective recognizes that both costs and benefits must be viewed from the level of the cells that initiated this interaction, the protomitochondrion and the primitive host cell. From this perspective, ecological and physiological considerations become central to the characterization of initial and subsequent hostmitochondria associations. Foremost among these considerations is the generation of superoxide radicals by modern mitochondria and the deleterious effects of these endogenous oxidants on modern eukaryotic cells. Because of their photosynthetic and aerobic ecologies. protomitochondria likely were relatively tolerant of such oxidants; anaerobic, heterotrophic, primitive host cells, on the other hand, likely were not. In the initial association of host and symbiont, the latter may have manipulated the former's life history by means of both endogenous oxidants and a superabundance of ATP. A resolution of this units-of-evolution conflict was necessary to continue this association, and this resolution, in a ritualized form, may have shaped the evolution of many features of modern eukaryotic cells and mitochondria, for example, the messenger functions of calcium ions, the regulatory role of phosphorylation cascades in cell-division cycles, the absence from the mitochondrial genome of replication factors, transcription factors, and adenine nucleotide carrier genes. The initial host-mitochondria interaction may have further channeled the evolution of multicellular eukaryotes, particularly animals, resulting in the association of mitochondria and the germinal plasm and in the use of extracellular ATP and endogenous oxidants as developmental signals. Evolutionary explanations for "free-radical" theories of development and aging are thus suggested.

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Section: E B Wilson the Cell In Development And Hereditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E B Wilson the Cell In Development And Hereditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host-symbiont Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitochondrial Control Of the Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitochondrial Control Of the Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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1995

Evolution

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Influence of cell volume changes on autophagic proteolysis in the perfused liver of air‐breathing walking catfish (Clarias batrachus)

et al. 2008

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Exposure of perfused liver of walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) to hypotonicity (-80 mOsmol/L) caused swelling of liver cells as evidenced by the increase in liver mass by 11.5%, and inhibition of [(3)H]leucine release (as a measure of proteolysis) by 37% from the radiolabeled perfused liver. Whereas, exposure of perfused liver to hypertonicity (+80 mOsmol/L) caused shrinkage of liver cells as evidenced by the decrease in liver mass by 10.4%, and stimulation of [(3)H]leucine release by 24%. Infusion of amino acids such as glutamine plus glycine (2 mM each) also caused increase in liver cell volume as evidenced by the increase in liver mass by 8.9%, and inhibition of [(3)H]leucine release by 29%. Adjustment of anisotonicity of the media without changing the NaCl concentration in the media had almost similar effects on proteolysis in the perfused liver. A direct correlation of cell volume changes or hydration status of liver cells with that of proteolysis was observed in the perfused liver regardless of whether the cell volume increase/decrease was evoked by anisotonic perfusion media or by the addition of amino acids. Thus, it appears that the increase/decrease in hepatic cell volume could be one of the important modulators for adjusting the autophagic proteolysis in walking catfish probably to avoid the adverse affects of osmotically induced cell volume changes, to preserve the hepatic cell function and for proper energy supply under osmotic stress. This is the first report of cell volume-sensitive changes of autophagic proteolysis in hepatic cells of any teleosts.

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Urea-induced hypometabolism in the hibernating wood frog (Rana sylvatica) is not reflected in isolated mitochondria

2010

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It has long been speculated that urea accumulated during seasonal dormancy contributes to metabolic depression. Recent work suggests urea can indeed act as a metabolic depressant during dormancy in a number of taxonomically diverse species of ectotherms. The mechanisms by which urea exerts its hypometabolic effect are unknown, but potentially stem from inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. We isolated mitochondria from Rana sylvatica skeletal muscle, an organ that is metabolically responsive to urea, and measured respiration rates in the absence or presence of 80 mmol l(-1) urea in the respiration medium. Because the effect of urea may be influenced by the intracellular milieu, in these experiments we varied substrate (pyruvate or palmitoylcarnitine), temperature (4, 10, or 15°C), and pH (6.8 or 7.4). Oxygen consumption of control and urea-treated mitochondria was sensitive to each of these variables, but neither state 3 nor state 4 respiration was reduced by urea treatment and, to the contrary, urea treatment slightly increased state 4 respiration at higher test temperatures. Although we did not test the efficacy of other incubation times or urea concentrations, the outcome of our experiment intimates that the urea-induced hypometabolism observed in hibernating R. sylvatica results from inhibition of energy-utilizing processes elsewhere in the cell, rather than a direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Future investigation into urea's effects on non-mitochondrial metabolic pathways is necessary to uncover the mechanisms by which urea depresses metabolic rate.

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Adaptation and evolution of mitochondria: osmotic and ionic considerations

Cited by 20 publications

References 62 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Influence of cell volume changes on autophagic proteolysis in the perfused liver of air‐breathing walking catfish (Clarias batrachus)

Urea-induced hypometabolism in the hibernating wood frog (Rana sylvatica) is not reflected in isolated mitochondria

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