Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy spiritual well-being scale among Chinese childhood cancer patients in China

Abstract

BackgroundSpiritual well-being is a strength for childhood cancer patients to cope with cancer. The availability of a valid and reliable instrument for assessing spiritual well-being is crucial. This study translated and adapted the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-being scale (FACIT-Sp) for Chinese childhood cancer patients and examined the psychometric properties and factor structure in this population.MethodsThis was a methodological study. The FACIT-Sp was translated into Chinese. Adaptation was based on our qualitative study. For psychometric evaluation, a convenience sample of 412 were recruited based on the suggested sample size for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Childhood cancer patients were included if they aged 8–17 years, with parental consent to participate, able to communicate that they were being treated for cancer, and able to communicate and read Chinese. Participants answered the Chinese version of the adapted FACIT-Sp, the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Cancer Module (PedsQL). Content validity, convergent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined. Both EFA and CFA assessed the structural validity of the adapted FACIT-Sp.ResultsThe content validity index values for items ranged 0.8–1.0 and that for the scale was 0.84, indicating appropriate content validity. The scale had good internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.815. The FACIT-Sp scores positively correlated with the CES-DC scores, and negatively correlated with PedsQL scores, suggesting that the Chinese version of the adapted FACIT-Sp had reasonable convergent validity. EFA yielded a four-factor (meaning, peace, faith, and connection with others) model. The CFA results revealed that the four-factor model achieved a better fit than the original three-factor model (Chi-Square Mean/Degree of Freedom = 2.240 vs. 3.557, Comparative Fit Index = 0.953 vs. 0.916, Goodness of Fit Index = 0.909 vs. 0.884, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.078 vs. 0.112).ConclusionThe Chinese version of the adapted FACIT-Sp is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing spiritual well-being among Chinese childhood cancer patients. This instrument can be applied in clinical settings for routine assessment.

The associations between spiritual well‐being, hope and psychological symptoms in Chinese childhood cancer patients: A path analysis

“…The Cronbach's alpha of this adapted scale was 0.815. The test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.79 25 …”

“…It was used to assess the spiritual well-being of the CCPs. 25 The original version has 12 items. The scale was further adapted to 15 items in Chinese CCPs; each item rated on a five-point scale from 0 to 4.…”

Factors associated with the core dimensions of spiritual health among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross‐sectional study

“…Total scores <24, 24-35, and ≥36 represented low, moderate and high levels of spiritual health, respectively (Yang et al, 2019). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was .711-.920, with good internal consistency, and the internal reliability coefficients for the peace, meaning and faith dimensions were all above 0.7 (Liu et al, 2016). 2018), and its reliability and validity for use with older people was analysed.…”

“…This study therefore used the FACIT‐SP‐12 to measure the spiritual health of older patients with COPD from the core dimensions. In this study, the Chinese version of the FACIT‐SP‐12, translated by Liu et al (2016), was used to assess the spiritual health of older patients with COPD. The scale consists of 12 items, including the peace dimension (items 1, 4, 6, 7), the meaning dimension (items 2, 3, 5, 8) and the faith dimension (items 9–12).…”

Factors influencing the spiritual needs of China’s colorectal cancer patients: A structural equation modeling exercise

“…A simpli ed Chinese version of the FACIT-Sp-12 is available in Hong Kong, China, but its reliability is unknown 46 . The FACIT-Sp-12 was later culturally adapted by Liu, Xiangyu et al, and a version was established in Mainland China with Cronbach's alpha coe cients ranging from 0.711 to 0.920 47 . The scale has a total score range of 0-48, with higher scores indicating better mental health for the patient.…”