Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire for the diagnosis of orthorexia nervosa

Abstract

The aim of this study was the validation and analysis of the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the ORTO-15 questionnaire; an instrument designed to assess orthorexia nervosa behavior. Four hundred and fifty-four Spanish university students (65% women) aged between 18 and 51 years (M = 21.48 ± 0.31) completed the Spanish version of ORTO-15 and the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2). The Principal Component Analysis suggested a three-factor structure for the abbreviated 11-item version of the instrument. The internal consistency of the measurement was adequate (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80). The proposed test demonstrated a good predictive capacity at a threshold value of <25 (efficiency 84%, sensitivity 75% and specificity 84%). Our results support the psychometric properties of the proposed Spanish shortened-version of the ORTO-15 as being a reliable tool for assessing orthorexia nervosa. Its use is expected to greatly contribute to a better understanding of the impact of this disorder in Spain.

Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in university students and its relationship with psychopathological aspects of eating behaviour disorders

“…The mean score obtained by the total participants regarding the ORTO-11-ES questionnaire was 27.78 and the standard deviation was ±3.34. The cut-off score was established at < 25 [ 35 ] ranging from 16 to 36 points, with 76 (17%) participants under risk of suffering ON.…”

“…Data collection was performed via a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. The revised questionnaire was divided into three sections: (1) Sociodemographic characteristics; (2) the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 questionnaire (EDI-2) [ 33 , 34 ]; and (3) the ORTO-11-ES [ 35 , 36 ].…”

“…For the present study, we have used the ORTO-11-ES [ 35 ] as a tool for assessing ON. This tool is based on a structure of three factors for the abbreviated 11-item version, and has demonstrated an appropriate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.80).…”

A pilot study comparing the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in regular students and those in University sports teams

“…Adapted from the 10 item Bratman test [ 25 ], the ORTO-15 contains 15 questions which are based on an individual’s attitudes on the choice, purchase, preparation and consumption of foods deemed healthy by the individual [ 24 , 25 ]. Each question is answered using a Likert scale with 4 responses (always, often, sometimes, never), with a split of questions used to investigate the rational, cognitive and emotional areas of food choice [ 25 , 26 ]. For each individual question, the different responses correspond to a number (1–4), with those answers being the most indicative of orthorexia given the lower numbers.…”

“…The ORTO-15 was originally developed in Italian and has since been translated, adapted and validated into many different languages such as Turkish [ 28 ], Portuguese [ 29 ], Hungarian [ 30 ], Polish [ 24 ], German [ 31 ], and Spanish [ 26 ]. The English version used for this study was adapted from the original Italian by Donini et al [ 25 ].…”