Adaptation and validation of the Polish version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire among cardiovascular patients and medical students

Abstract

Background The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) is the leading tool intended to assess the cognitive representation of medication, however, the validated Polish version of the questionnaire is lacking. Aims To adapt the original BMQ tool to the Polish language (BMQ-PL) and to validate it. Materials and methods The BMQ was adapted to Polish according to widely accepted guidelines. A total of 311 cardiovascular in-and outpatients as well as medical students taking chronic medication were surveyed to assess data-to-model fit and internal consistency of the measure. The criterionrelated validity was determined with the use of Polish version of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were used, as well as general linear modeling. Results The BMQ-PL exhibited the same factorial structure as the original questionnaire and all the items loaded on their expected factors. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was satisfactory in the group of cardiovascular patients (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.64 to 0.82 and McDonald's omega from 0.90 to 0.91). There were significant correlations in the predicted directions between all BMQ-PL subscales and the measure of drug adherence in cardiovascular outpatients, but not in inpatients. Medical students may conceptualize the

Impact of Beliefs about Medicines on the Level of Intentional Non-Adherence to the Recommendations of Elderly Patients with Hypertension

“…Investigations into the causes of intentional non-adherence seem extremely important for improving treatment effectiveness and the conscious involvement of patients in the treatment process. A variety of factors have been proposed as causes of intentional non-adherence, including polypharmacy, complex therapeutic protocols, concerns about the adverse effects of medication, lack of belief in the possibility of recovery, feeling healthy and symptom-free, and others’ opinions about a specific medication [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Among patients with hypertension, the absence of symptoms is the most common cause of non-adherence [ 10 ].…”

“…A multitude of factors affect treatment adherence. Negative perceptions of medication, manifesting in concerns about its ineffectiveness or adverse effects, are a significant impediment to adherence [ 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Patients’ specific medication beliefs may be categorized into two main areas: beliefs about the necessity of taking the prescribed medication to maintain one’s health now and in the future, and concerns about the potential negative effects of taking the medication (e.g., addiction or long-term adverse effects from regular use) [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Lingual Validation of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ)-Specific for Cholesterol Lowering Drugs in the Visegrad Countries

“…The Polish version was first used in an international research study to better understand the adherence to psychotropic medications during pregnancy [ 18 ]. Later, the Polish translation was also adapted and validated for cardiovascular patients and medical students, and its reliability was tested using similar methods, such as Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation besides the confirmatory factor analysis in the aforementioned study [ 19 ]. Thus, in these two languages the current study should be seen as a supplement regarding cholesterol-lowering medication.…”

Written Informed Consent—Translating into Plain Language. A Pilot Study

“…The software was developed and verified in a study that involved 1000 individuals whose native language was Polish, using 35 different statements, each with a different level of difficulty [ 20 ]. The Jasnopis software has been used previously in several Polish studies [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The software makes a qualitative evaluation of each sentence on a 7-point scale: 1st–3rd years of primary school level—Child’s play 4th–6th years of primary school level—Very easy Junior secondary school level—Easy Secondary education level—A little difficult College (bachelor/engineer) level—Moderately difficult University (masters) level—Difficult Doctoral studies (PhD) or specialist knowledge level—Complicated and professional.…”