Adaptation and validation of the Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial (GMQ-F) in a sample of French-speaking gamblers

Devos, Gaëtan; Challet-Bouju, Gaëlle; Burnay, Jonathan; Maurage, Pierre; Grall‐Bronnec, Marie; Billieux, Joël

doi:10.1080/14459795.2016.1264080

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…According to relative deprivation theories (Crosby, 1976 ; Walker and Smith, 2002 ), for such adolescents, gambling can be seen as a justice-seeking occupation (Callan et al, 2008 ) because gambling might offer resources to pursuing desirable outcomes (e.g., money, peer status) that adolescents might feel they merit but are otherwise unwilling or unable to reach via conventional means (e.g., having a job). In fact, gambling is seen as a means for monetary gain (Dechant and Ellery, 2011 ; Canale et al, 2015a ; Devos et al, 2016 ), especially if traditional ways of making money are blocked and/or unavailable (Tabri et al, 2015 ). These potential explanations support contemporary theories of poverty, suggesting that what matters in affluent societies is the capacity to live life on a par with others (Sen, 1983 ; Townsend, 1979 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Inequality and Adolescent Gambling Severity: Findings from a Large-Scale Italian Representative Survey

et al. 2017

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Background: Studies have shown that problems related to adult gambling have a geographical and social gradient. For instance, adults experiencing gambling-related harms live in areas of greater deprivation; are unemployed, and have lower income. However, little is known about the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on adolescent problem gambling. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the contextual influences of income inequality on at-risk or problem gambling (ARPG) in a large-scale nationally representative sample of Italian adolescents. A secondary aim was to analyze the association between perceived social support (from family, peers, teachers, and classmates) and ARPG.Methods: Data from the 2013–2014 Health Behavior in School-aged Children Survey (HBSC) Study was used for cross-sectional analyses of ARPG. A total of 20,791 15-year-old students completed self-administered questionnaires. Region-level data on income inequality (GINI index) and overall wealth (GDP per capita) were retrieved from the National Institute of Statistics (Istat). The data were analyzed using the multi-level logistic regression analysis, with students at the first level and regions at the second level.Results: The study demonstrated a North–South gradient for the prevalence of ARPG, with higher prevalence of ARPG in the Southern/Islands/Central Regions (e.g., 11% in Sicily) than in Northern Italy (e.g., 2% in Aosta Valley). Students in regions of high-income inequality were significantly more likely than those in regions of low-income inequality to be at-risk or problem gamblers (following adjustment for sex, family structure, family affluence, perceived social support, and regionale wealth). Additionally, perceived social support from parents and teachers were negatively related to ARPG.Conclusions: Income inequality may have a contextual influence on ARPG. More specifically, living in regions of highest income inequality appeared to be a potential factor that increases the likelihood of becoming an at-risk or problem gambler. Findings of the study suggest that wealth distribution within societies affected by economic policies may indirectly have an influence adolescent gambling behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Inequality and Adolescent Gambling Severity: Findings from a Large-Scale Italian Representative Survey

et al. 2017

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“…Dechant ( 2013 ) then proposed adding 9 items to assess the financial motivation of gamblers, a non-negligible factor. The resulting GMQ-F tool was translated and validated in French (Devos et al 2017 ). Items were rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ( never or almost never ) to 4 ( almost always or always ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambling Motives: Do They Explain Cognitive Distortions in Male Poker Gamblers?

et al. 2017

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Gambling behavior is partly the result of varied motivations leading individuals to participate in gambling activities. Specific motivational profiles are found in gamblers, and gambling motives are closely linked to the development of cognitive distortions. This cross-sectional study aimed to predict cognitive distortions from gambling motives in poker players. The population was recruited in online gambling forums. Participants reported gambling at least once a week. Data included sociodemographic characteristics, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial and the Gambling-Related Cognition Scale. This study was conducted on 259 male poker gamblers (aged 18–69 years, 14.3% probable pathological gamblers). Univariate analyses showed that cognitive distortions were independently predicted by overall gambling motives (34.8%) and problem gambling (22.4%) (p < .05). The multivariate model, including these two variables, explained 39.7% of cognitive distortions (p < .05). The results associated with the literature data highlight that cognitive distortions are a good discriminating factor of gambling problems, showing a close inter-relationship between gambling motives, cognitive distortions and the severity of gambling. These data are consistent with the following theoretical process model: gambling motives lead individuals to practice and repeat the gambling experience, which may lead them to develop cognitive distortions, which in turn favor problem gambling. This study opens up new research perspectives to understand better the mechanisms underlying gambling practice and has clinical implications in terms of prevention and treatment. For example, a coupled motivational and cognitive intervention focused on gambling motives/cognitive distortions could be beneficial for individuals with gambling problems.

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“…For instance, a recent study [16] reported gamblers playing at least once a week display more enhancement motives (gambling for fun or excitement), social motives (gambling to socialize, as part of social activities, to escape loneliness, or to build social connections) and financial motives (gambling to make money) than those playing less than once a week (see also [17]), but none of these motives discriminated between treatment-seeking problem gamblers and regular non-problem gamblers. Yet, complementary evidence shows that positively reinforcing motives, and particularly enhancement, directly correlate with signs of risky or problem gambling, such as intensity and time spent in gambling [18,19], number of gambling activities [20], gambling-related cognitive distortions [5], and emotion-laden impulsivity [16,21]. These findings are consistent with research suggesting that motivation to boost euphoria, thrill, or novelty is related to positive emotion-driven impulsivity, some forms of emotion dysregulation, and risk taking [22,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the roots, structure, and implications of gambling motives: An integrative approach

Barrada¹,

Navas²,

Lara³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Accurately identifying motives is crucial in the functional analysis of gambling behavior. In this study, a data-driven approach was followed to clarify the factor structure underlying a pool of motives for gambling, selected from the Gambling Motives Questionnaire – Financial (GMQ-F), and the Reasons for Gambling Questionnaire (RGQ), in a sample of regular problem and non-problem gamblers. Additionally, the role of gambling motives in the relationship between root behavioral activation/inhibition systems (BIS/BAS) and gambling severity, frequency, and preferences was explored using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results show that motives variance was best explained by the existence of four factors: financial motives, social motives, affect regulation, and fun/thrill. Importantly, gambling to regulate affect was directly and independently associated with gambling severity. Only the fun/thrill factor was directly related to frequency of participation in high-arousal, skill-based games, whereas all factors were related to participation in lower-arousal, chance games (with social motives negatively predicting both participation in the latter and total severity). Finally, in the SEM model, measures of BIS/BAS sensitivity were connected to gambling behavior only through gambling motives. In summary, in contrast with previous, theory-driven factorizations, there seems to be no clear-cut separation between positive and negative reinforcement-driven motives, and an affect regulation factor emerged as the only one directly associated with the risk of gambling disorder. In accordance with this dual composition, the affect regulation motives factor appears to be fueled by both BIS and BAS. Based on mesures of items’ specificity, a shortened Spanish scale (the brief Gambling Motives Inventory, bGMI) is proposed to assess gambling motives in accordance with the observed 4-factor structure.

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Adaptation and validation of the Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial (GMQ-F) in a sample of French-speaking gamblers

Cited by 35 publications

References 49 publications

Income Inequality and Adolescent Gambling Severity: Findings from a Large-Scale Italian Representative Survey

Income Inequality and Adolescent Gambling Severity: Findings from a Large-Scale Italian Representative Survey

Gambling Motives: Do They Explain Cognitive Distortions in Male Poker Gamblers?

Reconsidering the roots, structure, and implications of gambling motives: An integrative approach

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