Adaptation improves discrimination of face identity

Oruç, İpek; Barton, Jason J.S.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2480

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Larger biases in the perception of target faces were therefore associated with faster RTs, possibly because the percept after effective adaptation was less ambiguous and easier to classify. Such an effect can be seen in extension to studies describing the benefits on discrimination performance associated with face adaptation [38], [39]. Furthermore, a recent computational modeling study of adaptation-related aftereffects [40] also suggested that a higher amount of adaptation leads to faster RTs for face stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Adaptor Identity Modulates Adaptation Effects in Familiar Face Identification and Their Neural Correlates

2013

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Adaptation-related aftereffects (AEs) show how face perception can be altered by recent perceptual experiences. Along with contrastive behavioural biases, modulations of the early event-related potentials (ERPs) were typically reported on categorical levels. Nevertheless, the role of the adaptor stimulus per se for face identity-specific AEs is not completely understood and was therefore investigated in the present study. Participants were adapted to faces (S1s) varying systematically on a morphing continuum between pairs of famous identities (identities A and B), or to Fourier phase-randomized faces, and had to match the subsequently presented ambiguous faces (S2s; 50/50% identity A/B) to one of the respective original faces. We found that S1s identical with or near to the original identities led to strong contrastive biases with more identity B responses following A adaptation and vice versa. In addition, the closer S1s were to the 50/50% S2 on the morphing continuum, the smaller the magnitude of the AE was. The relation between S1s and AE was, however, not linear. Additionally, stronger AEs were accompanied by faster reaction times. Analyses of the simultaneously recorded ERPs revealed categorical adaptation effects starting at 100 ms post-stimulus onset, that were most pronounced at around 125–240 ms for occipito-temporal sites over both hemispheres. S1-specific amplitude modulations were found at around 300–400 ms. Response-specific analyses of ERPs showed reduced voltages starting at around 125 ms when the S1 biased perception in a contrastive way as compared to when it did not. Our results suggest that face identity AEs do not only depend on physical differences between S1 and S2, but also on perceptual factors, such as the ambiguity of S1. Furthermore, short-term plasticity of face identity processing might work in parallel to object-category processing, and is reflected in the first 400 ms of the ERP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Adaptor Identity Modulates Adaptation Effects in Familiar Face Identification and Their Neural Correlates

2013

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“…Consistent with this notion, a recent study with typical adults identified a significant association between face recognition ability and the magnitude of figural face aftereffects (Dennett, McKone, Edwards & Susilo, in press). Similarly, several studies have linked typical perceptual updating with discrimination of face identity (Oruç Barton, 2011;Rhodes et al, 2010), viewpoint (Chen, Yang, Wang & Fang, 2010) and gender (Yang, Shen, Chen & Fang, 2010). If successful adaptation aids face perception, then reduced adaptation to face, but not non-face, stimuli might explain the disproportionate difficulties that children with autism are often reported to have processing faces compared to non-face stimulus categories (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical updating of face representations with experience in children with autism

Ewing

Pellicano

Rhodes

2012

Developmental Science

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Face identity aftereffects are significantly diminished in children with autism relative to typical children, which may reflect reduced perceptual updating with experience. Here, we investigated whether this atypicality also extends to non-face stimulus categories, which might signal a pervasive visual processing difference in individuals with autism. We used a figural aftereffect task to measure directly perceptual updating following exposure to distorted upright faces, inverted faces and cars, in typical children and children with autism. A size-change between study and test stimuli limited the likelihood that any processing atypicalities reflected group differences in adaptation to low-level features of the stimuli. Results indicated that, relative to typical children, figural aftereffects for upright faces, but not inverted faces or cars, were significantly attenuated in children with autism. Moreover, the group difference was amplified when we isolated the 'face-selective' component of the aftereffect, by partialling out the mid-level shape adaptation common to upright and inverted face stimuli. Notably, the aftereffects of typical children were disproportionately larger for upright faces than for inverted faces and cars, but the magnitude of aftereffects of autistic children was not similarly modulated according to stimulus category. These findings are inconsistent with a pervasive adaptive coding atypicality relative to typical children, and suggest that reduced perceptual updating may constitute a high-level, and possibly face-selective, visual processing difference in children with autism.

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“…Adaptation can enhance discrimination of face views around an adapted viewpoint (Chen, Yang, Wang, & Fang, 2010). Finally, adapting to an individual face can enhance discrimination around that face (Oruç & Barton, 2011). In the current study, we asked whether participants are better at discriminating between realistic face identities that vary around the true psychological norm rather than a noncentral location in face space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race-specific norms for coding face identity and a functional role for norms

et al. 2011

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Models of face perception often adopt a framework in which faces are represented as points or vectors in a multidimensional space, relative to the average face that serves as a norm for encoding. Since faces are very similar in their configuration and share many visual properties, they could be encoded in one common space against one norm. However, certain face properties may result in grouping and "subclassification" of similar faces. We studied the processing of faces of different races, using high-level aftereffects, where exposure to one face systematically distorts the perception of a subsequently viewed face toward the "opposite" identity in face space. We measured identity aftereffects for adapt-test pairs that were opposite relative to race-specific (Asian and Caucasian) averages and pairs that were opposite relative to a "generic" average (both races morphed together). Aftereffects were larger for race-specific compared to mixed-race adapt-test pairs. These results suggest that race-specific norms are used to code identity because aftereffects are generally larger for adapt-test pairs drawn from trajectories passing through the norm (opposite pairs) than for those that do not. We also found that identification thresholds were lower when targets were distributed around race-specific averages than around the mixed-race average, suggesting that norm-based face encoding may play a functional role in facilitating identity discrimination.

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Adaptation improves discrimination of face identity

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

Adaptor Identity Modulates Adaptation Effects in Familiar Face Identification and Their Neural Correlates

Adaptor Identity Modulates Adaptation Effects in Familiar Face Identification and Their Neural Correlates

Atypical updating of face representations with experience in children with autism

Race-specific norms for coding face identity and a functional role for norms

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