Adaptation-level as a basis for a quantitative theory of frames of reference.

Helson, Harry

doi:10.1037/h0056721

Cited by 525 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to this explanation, CP is caused by a low-level adaptation process in which the mean value of the stimulus dimension becomes an adapted "neutral point" (Helson, 1948). During the discrimination task, stimuli are judged relative to the point.…”

Section: Learning New Perceptual Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categorical perception occurs in newly learned faces, other-race faces, and inverted faces

Levin

Beale

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

113

127

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On the basis of findings that categorical perception (CP) is possible in complex visual stimuli such as faces, the present study tested for CP on continua between unfamiliar face pairs. Results indicate that CP can be observed for unfamiliar faces, in both familiar (same-race) and unfamiliar (other-race) groups. In addition, significant CP effects were observed in inverted faces. Finally, half-continua were tested where midpoint stimuli became endpoints. This was done to ensure that stimulus artifacts did not account for the observed CP effects. Consistent with the perceptual rescaling associated with Cp, half-continua showed a rescaled CP effect. We argue that these CP effects are based on the rapid acquisition of perceptual equivalence classes.Categorical perception (CP) occurs when discriminations between stimuli within one category are more difficult than discriminations between stimuli that span the boundary between categories. The question is, under what conditions does this occur? Initial research suggested that CP would be observed only for naturally occurring continua and was perhaps a sign of innate or highly practiced predispositions to break these continua into equivalence classes (e.g., Liberman, Harris, Kinney, & Lane, 1961). For example, Etcoff and Magee (1992) observed CP on continua between different facial expressions and suggested this supports the hypothesis that the perception of facial expression is innate. However, other findings suggest that such predispositions are not necessary to observe CP. In another study using faces, Beale and Keil (1995) found that participants perceive continua between individual familiar faces categorically. This is the case despite the likelihood that the continua between these faces have never been experienced by participants.IfCP is possible along artificial continua, then hypotheses assuming that CP is a sign of innate or even highly familiar perceptual categories are incorrect. Here, we explore two basic questions about the degree to which CP can be observed in the absence ofprevious learning. First, will it be possible to observe CP on novel continua between endpoints that do not have long-standing represen-The authors thank Robert Goldstone and Bill Merriman for reading drafts of this report and Stevan Hamad and Andy Young for many helpful discussions. Correspondence should be addressed to D. T. Levin, Kent State University, Department of Psychology, Kent Hall, Kent, OH 44121-0001 (e-mail: dlevin@kent.edu). J. M. Beale can be reached at the Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401 (e-mail: bealej@river.it.gvsu.edu).-Accepted by previous editor, Myron L. Braunstein tations associated with them as do familiar faces? A number of recent findings suggest that this kind of representation is not a necessary precondition for CPO This brings up the possibility that CP might be observed on continua between newly learned faces. Second, ifCP occurs on novel continua between novel endpoints, then under what conditions will such effe...

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Section: Learning New Perceptual Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categorical perception occurs in newly learned faces, other-race faces, and inverted faces

Levin

Beale

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

113

127

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“…However, resting on a broad definition of adaptation, this statement has only minor empirical content, which could be enriched only by defining adaptation more distinctively. Basic concepts of psychological adaptation, as reviewed by Bevan (1965), comprised avoidance behavior, reduced responsivity to repeated or continued stimulation, and so-called normative adaptation, as conceptualized most prominently by Helson's (1948) adaptation level theory. Considering psychological adaptation of SWB to chronic health losses, it seems clear that this cannot mean avoidance behavior, as the focus is on the reaction to the loss experience and not on avoiding it.…”

Section: Rethinking the Concept Of Adaptation Under A Chronic Health mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling late-life adaptation in affective well-being under a severe chronic health condition: The case of age-related macular degeneration.

Schilling¹,

Wahl²

2006

Psychology and Aging

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was used as a case model to longitudinally study adaptation in affective well-being under a prevalent chronic health condition. Measures of positive and negative affect, obtained at 5 subsequent measurement occasions with 3-month intervals in between, were analyzed in 90 older adults diagnosed with AMD. The authors proposed a pattern of adaptation that shows initial decline in affective well-being after disease outbreak, followed by a turnaround into a restorative phase of increase, implying nonlinear intraindividual trajectories, with changes substantially related to disease duration. Analysis was conducted by means of a nonlinear mixed models approach. Results confirmed the hypothesized adaptation pattern for positive affect but not for negative affect, which was found more stable across measurement occasions.

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“…Bu karşılaştırmanın sonucu ise tüketicinin tatmin veya tatminsizlik düzeyini belirlemektedir (Parasurman vd., 1985: 42). Oliver (1980: 461), tatmin kararlarının açıklanmasında Helson (1948;1959) tarafından geliştirilen "uyum düzeyi teorisinin" geçerli olduğunu savunmaktadır. Bu teorinin temel yaklaşımı, hizmet kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi ile benzerlik göstermektedir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Kalite, Değer ve Tatminin Davranışsal Niyet Üzerine Etkileri: Perakendecilik Sektöründe Alternatif Modellerin Değerlendirilmesi

Dölarslan¹

2015

Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi

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ÖzCronin vd. (2000)'e göre, literatürde hizmet üzerine yapılan çalışmalar farklı teoriler üzerinde temellenmiştir ve bu teoriler ile ilişkili hizmet değerlendirme modelleri dört şekilde sınıflandırılabilir. Bu kapsamda, çalışmada söz konusu modellerin perakendecilik sektöründe yer alan süpermarketler kapsamında araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, aynı ölçek ve tipteki süpermarketlerin ortak 971 müşterisine anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Cronin vd., (2000) tarafından önerilen hizmet değerlendirme modelleri analiz edilmiştir. Model yapılarının güvenilirlik ve geçerliliklerinin test edilmesi için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmış ve araştırma modellerinin testi yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, tüm değişkenler beraber ele alındığında, hizmet kalitesi ve davranışsal niyet arasındaki ilişkinin dolaylı olduğunu göstermektedir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Davranışsal niyet, hizmet değeri, hizmet kalitesi, tatmin, hizmet değerlendirme modelleri. Abstract The Effects of Quality, Value and Satisfaction on Behavioral Intentions: Evaluation of Alternative Models in the Retail IndustryAccording to Cronin et al., (2000) service evaluation studies in related literature builds on several competing theories and service evolution models related to these theories can be classified into four competing models. In this context, the purpose of the study is to investigate service evolution models suggested by Cronin et al. (2000) within the context of supermarkets in the retail industry. For this purpose, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 971 common customers of same size and type supermarkets. * Yrd.Doç.Dr., Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi,

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Adaptation-level as a basis for a quantitative theory of frames of reference.

Cited by 525 publications

References 20 publications

Categorical perception occurs in newly learned faces, other-race faces, and inverted faces

Categorical perception occurs in newly learned faces, other-race faces, and inverted faces

Modeling late-life adaptation in affective well-being under a severe chronic health condition: The case of age-related macular degeneration.

Kalite, Değer ve Tatminin Davranışsal Niyet Üzerine Etkileri: Perakendecilik Sektöründe Alternatif Modellerin Değerlendirilmesi

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