Adaptation of a species-specific multiplex PCR assay for the identification of blood meal source in Culicoides (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera): applications on Palaearctic biting midge species, vectors of Orbiviruses

Collection ofCulicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Using CO2and Enantiomers of 1-Octen-3-ol in the United Kingdom

“…These responses largely resemble those found in mosquitoes in Florida, where enhanced collections were recorded for the (R)-enantiomer, although this response was found to be species-speciÞc (Kline et al 2007). The consistent response of species encountered during the current studies suggests that (R)-1-octen-3-ol may play an important role in host location of a range of species within the Culicoides genus though it may be signiÞ-cant that the species studied here are opportunistic feeders (Szarbó ;1966, Boorman 1974, Nielsen and Christensen 1975, Blackwell et al 1994a, Garros et al 2011, Ninio et al 2011.…”

Orientation behaviour of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a relevant virus vector in northern Europe, toward host-associated odorant cues

“…Most species of the genus Culicoides are known to be either mammalophilic (Hair and Turner, 1968;Foxi and Delrio, 2010;Garros et al, 2011;Calvo et al, 2012) or ornithophilic (Bennett, 1960;Hair and Turner, 1968;Garvin and Greiner, 2003;Mullens et al, 2006; Martinez-de la Puente et al, 2009;Votypka et al, 2009;Foxi and Delrio, 2010;Cerny et al, 2011), although some feed on reptiles or frogs. In a previous study using animal-baited traps, horses were found to be the most attractive hosts for the three main Palaearctic Culicoides species, including C. obsoletus (Viennet et al, 2013).…”

“…In general, many hematophagous species (such as mosquitoes and Culicoides) prefer a specific host on which they will feed (Kettle, 1962;Bartsch et al, 2009;Votypka et al, 2009;Lassen et al, 2012;Viennet et al, 2013), although some species are known to be generalists (Blackwell et al, 1994). Some Culicoides species, however, exhibit opportunistic feeding behaviour with respect to host distribution and density (Kettle, 1977;Garros et al, 2011;Lassen et al, 2011Lassen et al, , 2012Calvo et al, 2012). Visual stimuli and body odour are the two main elements involved in attraction to hosts (Bishop et al, 2008).…”

“…Several studies have identified the origin of blood present in the abdomen of adult females that have recently fed -which represent a very small proportion of any collection (Service, 1969) -to determine the host range (Blackwell et al, 1994;Bartsch et al, 2009;Garros et al, 2011;Lassen et al, 2011Lassen et al, , 2012Ninio et al, 2011;Calvo et al, 2012;Martinez-de la Puente et al, 2012;Pettersson et al, 2013). Other researchers have collected Culicoides adult females directly from animals used as bait, predominantly with sticky traps or by aspiration (Viennet et al, , 2013Ayllón et al, 2014).…”

Comparaison des populations deCulicoidesLatreille 1809 (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) présentes au sein d’une bergerie belge et d’une prairie ovine associée

“…Cela pourrait s'expliquer par la recherche d'un endroit où leurs hôtes potentiels sont nombreux, proches les uns des autres et peu mobiles ; le régime alimentaire hématophage des femelles adultes pourrait ainsi être assuré. Même si les bovins semblent être les hôtes privilégiés par de nombreuses espèces paléarctiques du genre Culicoides Ninio et al 2011a), la plupart de ces moucherons piqueurs peuvent en effet avoir un comportement alimentaire opportuniste (Garros et al 2011). Ils sont par conséquent susceptibles de réaliser leur repas sanguin sur une large gamme d'hôtes, dont les ovins.…”