Adaptation of Fig Wasps (Agaodinae) to Their Host Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data

Chen, Lianfu; Segar, Simon T.; Chantarasuwan, Bhanumas; Wong, Da‐Mien; Wang, Rong; Yu, Hui

doi:10.3390/insects12090815

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Host specificity to certain groups has been frequently used to define taxonomic units, including in cuckoo wasps, fig wasps, and some mites 24 , 49 – 51 . Some similar examples exist in Nomadinae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harrison’s rule corroborated for the body size of cleptoparasitic cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae) and their hosts

Lim

Lee

Orr

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Harrison’s rule, that body size is positively correlated between parasites and hosts, has been reported in a range of taxa, but whether the rule is applicable to cleptoparasitic insects is poorly understood. Subfamily Nomadinae, the largest group of cleptoparasitic bees, usurp the nests of a variety of host bees. Within the subfamily, Nomada exploits the most diverse hosts, using at least ten genera from five families. Here, we reassess the phylogeny of Nomadinae, including the expanded sampling of the genus Nomada, to explore host shift fluctuations throughout their evolutionary history and test the applicability of Harrison’s rule for the subfamily. Our phylogenetic results are mostly congruent with previous investigations, but we infer the tribe Hexepeolini as a sister taxon to the tribe Nomadini. Additionally, the results reveal discrepancies with the traditional classifications of Nomada. Ancestral state reconstruction of host use indicates that, early in their evolution, parasites used closer relatives, before attacking less related groups later. Lastly, we confirm Harrison’s rule in Nomadinae, supporting that body size dynamics influence the host shifts of cleptoparasitic bees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harrison’s rule corroborated for the body size of cleptoparasitic cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae) and their hosts

Lim

Lee

Orr

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Host speci city to certain groups has been frequently used to de ne taxonomic units, including in cuckoo wasps, g wasps, and some mites [48, 49,50]. Some similar examples exist in Nomadinae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harrison’s Rule Corroborated Among Nomadine Cuckoo Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae) : The Role of Body Size in Host-Switching Dynamics

Lim

Lee

Orr

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Harrison’s rule, that body size is positively correlated between parasites and hosts, has been reported in a range of taxa, but whether the rule is applicable to cleptoparasitic insects is poorly understood. Subfamily Nomadinae, the largest group of cleptoparasitic bees, usurp the nests of a variety of host bees. Within the subfamily, Nomada exploits the most diverse hosts, using at least ten genera from five families. Not only they use diverse hosts, but the nomadine bees are also remarkably diverse in size, making them an ideal model to test Harrison’s rule. Here, we reassess the phylogeny of Nomadinae, including the expanded sampling of the genus Nomada, to explore host shift fluctuations throughout their evolutionary history and test the applicability of Harrison’s rule for the subfamily. Our phylogenetic results are mostly congruent with previous investigations, but we infer the tribe Hexepeolini as a sister taxon to the tribe Nomadini. Additionally, the results reveal discrepancies with the traditional classifications of Nomada. Ancestral state reconstruction of host use indicates that, early in their evolution, parasites used closer relatives, before attacking less related groups later. Lastly, we confirm Harrison’s rule in Nomadinae, supporting that body size dynamics influence the host shifts of cleptoparasitic bees.

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“…Accordingly, we can speculate Simplicillium may be a type of endophyte in the fig wasp. [21,64,65]. But we guess that interaction between fig wasp and endosymbionts such as Wolbachia and Rickettsia can increase host resistance to diseases or adverse factors [41,42,[66][67][68][69], may also have a role in such gene family contraction.…”

Section: Functional Prediction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Ficus hirta Fig Endosymbionts Diversity and Species Composition

Liu

Fan

2021

Diversity

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Endosymbionts living in plants and insects are pervasive. Ficus (Moraceae) has very special inflorescences (which we also call figs) enclosed like an urn, and such inflorescence is usually parasitized by fig wasps. Ficus breeds fig wasp larvae in its figs and adult fig wasps pollinate for Ficus, Ficus and its obligated pollinator formed fig-fig wasp mutualism. Previous studies have found that this confined environment in figs may have provided protection for fig wasps and that this has left some imprints on the genome of fig wasps during the coevolution history of figs and fig wasps. Research on the diversity of both bacteria and fungi in figs are fewer. Our study explored the diversity of endosymbionts in Ficus hirta figs. We utilized high-throughput sequencing and biological database to identify the specific microorganism in figs, then conducted microorganism communities’ diversity analysis and function annotation analysis. As a result, we identified the dominant endosymbionts in figs, mainly some insect internal parasitic bacteria and fungi, plant pathogen, endophytes, and saprotroph. Then we also found bacteria in Ficus hirta figs were more diversified than fungi, and bacteria communities in female figs and functional male figs were different. These findings may give us more insight into the coevolution and interaction among endosymbiont, fig, and fig wasp.

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Adaptation of Fig Wasps (Agaodinae) to Their Host Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Harrison’s rule corroborated for the body size of cleptoparasitic cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae) and their hosts

Harrison’s rule corroborated for the body size of cleptoparasitic cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae) and their hosts

Harrison’s Rule Corroborated Among Nomadine Cuckoo Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae) : The Role of Body Size in Host-Switching Dynamics

Analysis of Ficus hirta Fig Endosymbionts Diversity and Species Composition

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