Adaptation of Gas‐Liquid Chromatography to Analysis of Certain Sugars of Cotton Leaves<sup>1</sup>

Sabbe, W. E.; Cathey, George W.

doi:10.2134/agronj1970.00021962006200010012x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Mass spectroscopy showed the silyla.tion procedures of this study formed silylamine or silylesters of essentially all the amino or carboxyl andjor hydroxyl groups. These results agree with other reports (12,13) concerning the derivatization and GLC analyses of amino acids and sugars.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

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An Aseptic Mist Chamber System: A Method for Measuring Root Processes of Peas¹

Smucker¹,

Erickson²

1976

Agronomy Journal

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Although plants have been grown with their roots in mist chambers and sterile nutrient solutions, these methods have not been combined to provide a system which permits rapid changes in the gaseous composition of an aseptic rhizosphere. The objectives of this study were to design a mist chamber system which would withstand heat sterilization, maintain an aseptic rhizosphere, permit rapid gaseous exchange without altering rootwater relationships, and permit the measurement of morphological and physiological root responses without disrupting the system. A pyrex glass mist chamber system is described which permitted a complete exchange of the root atmosphere in 5 min. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were treated from 6 to 17 days in the aseptic mist chamber. Root respiration, root exudation, and rhizosphere volatiles were monitored. Detection limits were 1.0 ppm of ethanol, 1.0 and 0.25 μg for the TMSi amino acids and sugars. This system provides for concise control of the rhizosphere and precise measurements of root responses to environmental stresses.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) is a means of determining sugars and amino acids in biological materials. The analysis of these compounds has advanced through the extensive studies involving numerous methods and GLC systems (7,8,13). GLC analysis of the trimethylsilyl (TMSi) derivatives of sugars and amino a<;ids has become the preferred method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Aseptic Mist Chamber System: A Method for Measuring Root Processes of Peas¹

Smucker¹,

Erickson²

1976

Agronomy Journal

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“…The malate and citrate analyses were similar to those dest:ribed by Heatherbell (1974) but differed in that ground (40-mesh), oven-dried tissue was utilized and extracted three times for 30 min with boiling 80% ethanol. The method of sugar analysis was similar to that described by Sabbe and Cathey (1970) but differed in that the tissue was prepared and extracted as ~or acid analysis and the derivatized samples were allowed to Hand for 24 hours at 50 C to assure mutarotational equilibrium (Ford, 1974). The trimethylsilyl sugars and acids were separatfd on a coiled glass column (90 X 0.32 em o.d.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Changes in Solute Concentration in Maintaining Favorable Water Balance in Field‐Grown Cotton¹

Cutler¹,

Rains²,

Loomis

1977

Agronomy Journal

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) shows various adaptive responses to water deficits, including alterations in cellular osmotic concentrations. The role of changes in solute concentration in maintaining favorable water balance in field‐grown cotton was evaluated under wet and dry irrigation treatments. The experiments were conducted with a fine loamy mixed, calcareous thermic‐Typic Torriorthents soil in a semi‐arid environment. Leaf diffusive resistance, measured by a resistance porometer, was unaffected by leaf water potential (down to −29 bars in adapted leaves of the dry treatment) while the typical response to light was maintained. Leaf blade elongation rate was less in plants with low leaf water potential. The rate was maximal in the early evening and depressed during the midday water potential minimum and at night. Some blade enlargement occurred during time intervals when leaf water potentials were as low as −19 to −23 bars. The osmotica of primary importance in cotton leaves were K, nitrate, citrate, malate, and sugars; K and other soluble inorganic leaf constituents did not vary diurnally or with plant status. In contrast, sugar and malate concentrations (expressed on a dry weight basis) were 20 to 60% greater in leaves from the dry treatment than in leaves from the frequently irrigated treatment. In addition, diurnal variations in sugars and malate followed the variation in leaf water potential, with a slight lag, and a simple model of leaf osmotic relations suggested that these accounted for 10 to 40% of the diurnal changes in the calculated osmotic potential. A diurnal hysteresis of as much as 7 bars was observed in the relation between water potential and relative water content due largely to changes in the elasticity of cell walls. We conclude that the maintenance of low leaf diffusive resistance and continued leaf elongation despite reductions in leaf water potential indicates that turgor is also maintained. This was due partly to the accumulation of sugars and malate and partly to high cell wall elasticity.

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“…The supernatant containing the dissolved sugars was evaporated to dryness. Trimethylsilyl derivatives of the sugars were made by dissolving them in 1.0 ml of pyridine followed by the addition of 0.9 ml of hexamethyldisilazane and 0.1 ml of trifluoroacetic acid (1,6,15,17). Since exudates were recovered from Hoagland's solution, the recovery of a mixture of standard sugars from 3 liters of Hoagland's solution was used to determine the quantitative efficiency of the technique used in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low Levels of Calcium on Exudation of Sugars and Sugar Derivatives from Intact Peanut Roots under Axenic Conditions

Shay

Hale²

1973

Plant Physiol.

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The effects of 10, 20, 35 and 50 mg of Ca2+ per liter on the qualitative and quantitative exudation of sugars from roots of 5-week-old peanut plants, Arachis hypogaea L., grown axenically in nutrient solutions, were measured. Nutrient solutions in which plants had been growing were collected at weekly intervals for 4 weeks, sugars in them were measured by gasliquid chromatography of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. Arabinose, ribose, xylose, fructose, mannose, glucose, galactose, mannitol, galacturonic acid, inositol, sucrose, and five unknowns were found. Qualitative and quantitative differences in exudates were correlated with age of the plants and calcium level. Four times more sugar was exuded at 10 mg than at 50 mg of Ca'+ per liter but no significant differences in growth were observed. Ion efflux measurements suggested that low levels of Ca"' increased root cell membrane permeability.Collection of organic root exudates should be carried out under axenic conditions to prevent losses and alterations by the microbial populations in the rhizosphere. By using the system reported by Hale (4), effects of various factors on qualitative and quantitative exudation of sugars from peanut roots and fruits have been studied (5,10,16). The release of these compounds into the region immediately surrounding roots in soil (rhizosphere) (12) The objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of various low levels of calcium on the root exudation of sugars from axenic peanut plants and to evaluate the possible relationship of exudation to changes in root cell membrane permeability. MATERIALS AND METHODSAseptic peanut seeds, Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Argentine, were obtained by removing the testa and surface sterilizing the remaining part of the seed for 5 min at 50 C in 20% solution of commercial sodium hypochlorite (4). Sterilized seeds were transferred aseptically to the surface of solidified nutrient medium in Petri dishes where they were allowed to germinate at 37 C in a humidified incubator. After 5 days, seedlings were transferred aseptically to sterile, screw-capped, glass jars in which they were transported to each of four sterile isolator chambers (4). The seedlings were transferred from the jars to transplanting tubes containing perlite saturated with Hoagland solution (4). After 4 weeks, 13 sterile (axenic) seedlings per isolator chamber were selected for uniformity and placed in separate 1-liter flasks containing nutrient solution. Random sterility checks of materials inside the chamber, of plant surfaces, and of the inner chamber surfaces were taken at weekly intervals by swabbing representative surfaces. Swabs were placed on potato dextrose agar, nutrient broth, Levine3 EMB agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar, brain heart infusion agar, and thioglycolate medium and incubated at room temperature or at 37 C. Plant sterility was checked before and after each experiment by removing an extra plant from the chamber and macerating samples of leaf, stem, and root tissue, placing them on media, and incubat...

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Adaptation of Gas‐Liquid Chromatography to Analysis of Certain Sugars of Cotton Leaves¹

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

An Aseptic Mist Chamber System: A Method for Measuring Root Processes of Peas¹

An Aseptic Mist Chamber System: A Method for Measuring Root Processes of Peas¹

Role of Changes in Solute Concentration in Maintaining Favorable Water Balance in Field‐Grown Cotton¹

Effect of Low Levels of Calcium on Exudation of Sugars and Sugar Derivatives from Intact Peanut Roots under Axenic Conditions

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Adaptation of Gas‐Liquid Chromatography to Analysis of Certain Sugars of Cotton Leaves1

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

An Aseptic Mist Chamber System: A Method for Measuring Root Processes of Peas1

An Aseptic Mist Chamber System: A Method for Measuring Root Processes of Peas1

Role of Changes in Solute Concentration in Maintaining Favorable Water Balance in Field‐Grown Cotton1

Effect of Low Levels of Calcium on Exudation of Sugars and Sugar Derivatives from Intact Peanut Roots under Axenic Conditions

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Adaptation of Gas‐Liquid Chromatography to Analysis of Certain Sugars of Cotton Leaves¹

An Aseptic Mist Chamber System: A Method for Measuring Root Processes of Peas¹

An Aseptic Mist Chamber System: A Method for Measuring Root Processes of Peas¹

Role of Changes in Solute Concentration in Maintaining Favorable Water Balance in Field‐Grown Cotton¹