Adaptation of Grasses to Water Stress-Leaf Rolling and Stomate Distribution

Redmann, R. E.

doi:10.2307/2399225

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, WUE and NUE at the leaf level were inversely correlated for these two grasses (Tjoelker et al 2005). Physiological differences among C 4 grass species are also attributed to stomatal distribution and morphology (Redmann 1985;Salisbury and Ross 1985;Awada et al 2002) and to photosynthetic subtype (Long 1999). Panicum virgatum and S. scoparium differ for these traits as well.…”

Section: Gas Exchangementioning

confidence: 91%

Ecophysiology of Two Native Invasive Woody Species and Two Dominant Warm‐Season Grasses in the Semiarid Grasslands of the Nebraska Sandhills

Eggemeyer

Awada

Wedin

et al. 2006

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Populations of Pinus ponderosa and Juniperus virginiana are expanding into semiarid Sandhills grasslands in Nebraska. To evaluate the physiological basis of their success, we measured the seasonal course of leaf gas exchange, plant water status, and carbon isotope discrimination in these two native trees and two native C 4 grasses (Schizachyrium scoparium and Panicum virgatum). Compared to the trees, grasses had higher net photosynthetic rates (A net ) and water use efficiency (WUE) and more negative predawn and midday water potentials (C) in June and July. While leaf C and rates of leaf gas exchange declined for all four species during August, the C mid of the grasses were significantly more negative than those of the two trees. The deeply rooted trees maintained water status during summer, in contrast to the grasses, which senesced. Juniperus virginiana in particular was well adapted to xeric conditions, with low stomatal conductance, high WUE, and positive A net at low C. The highest values of A net were observed in May for J. virginiana and in May and September for P. ponderosa. Both species maintained low but positive A net throughout the winter at temperatures above 0°C. Leaf carbon isotopic signature differed between tree and grass species but did not exhibit significant withinspecies seasonal variability. The semiarid grassland climate of Nebraska does not appear to limit P. ponderosa and J. virginiana, which use growth during the nongrowing season and access to deep soil moisture to compensate for growing-season drought.

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Section: Gas Exchangementioning

confidence: 91%

Ecophysiology of Two Native Invasive Woody Species and Two Dominant Warm‐Season Grasses in the Semiarid Grasslands of the Nebraska Sandhills

Eggemeyer

Awada

Wedin

et al. 2006

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…Stomatal characteristics are not independent of leaf characteristics and evolution has not worked independently on stomatal characteristics. Amphistomaty in grasses generally reduces water use efficiency due to the higher stomatal conductance (Foster and Smith 1986), which could become a disadvantage in dry habitats (Redmann 1985). A strategy to minimize water loss in arid environments is through leaf folding or rolling (Salisbury and Ross 1992).…”

Section: Stomatal Characteristics At Field Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stomatal closure in response to water stress seems to be the most effective and adaptive mechanism to avoid water stress (Berkowitz 1998). Stomatal characteristics have been studied extensively in crops, but remain largely unexplored in native grasses of North America (Redmann 1985;Anderson and Briske 1990;Hardy et al 1995). In grasses, stomata are arranged in parallel rows and are surrounded by dumbbellshaped guard cells (Sack 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal variability of native warm-season grasses from the Nebraska Sandhills

Awada¹,

Moser²,

Schacht³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2002. Stomatal variability of native warm-season grasses from the Nebraska Sandhills. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82: [349][350][351][352][353][354][355]. Soil moisture deficit is usually the major limiting factor for herbage production in the Sandhills of Nebraska. We examined inter-population and interspecific variability in stomatal characteristics and drought tolerance in sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Vitman), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], prairie sandreed [Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook) Scribn.], and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Ramets were collected during the dormant season across an aridity gradient from east to west (ranging from 560 mm to 340 mm average annual precipitation) in the Sandhills of Nebraska. Plants were grown in individual pots under greenhouse conditions. Once plants were well established, stomatal characteristics were determined and stomatal conductance (g s ) was measured through a dry-down period of no watering. Populations did not differ in stomatal characteristics across the gradient, except for stomatal density on the adaxial leaf surface of prairie sandreed and the abaxial leaf surface of sand bluestem. Leaves of switchgrass and prairie sandreed were amphistomatic (stomata on both leaf surfaces), whereas leaves of little bluestem and sand bluestem were hypostomatic (stomata on the lower leaf surface). In the absence of drought, g s was 17 to 31% higher in little bluestem than in other species. Differences among species in g s were found mainly when watered and disappeared as the dry-down progressed. There was a positive relationship between stomatal density and g s in all species except prairie sandreed. Prairie sandreed maintained 35% of the initial relative water content of its leaves after 17 d of dry-down, compared to 23% for sand bluestem, 14% for switchgrass, and 9% for little bluestem. Variation in stomatal traits within species did not explain ecotypic adaptation to sites with a range of precipitation in the Nebraska Sandhills. . Pour cela, ils ont prélevé des ramets durant la période de dormance selon un gradient d'aridité d'est en ouest (de 560 mm à 340 mm de précipitations annuelles, en moyenne), dans la région à l'étude. Les plantes ont été cultivées en serre dans des pots individuels. Une fois les plants établis, on a déterminé leurs paramètres stomatiques et calculé la conductance stomatique (g s ) en interrompant les arrosages un certain temps. Les paramètres stomatiques des plantes ne varient pas avec le gradient, hormis la densité des stomates sur la face ventrale des feuilles d'A. hallii. Les feuilles du panic raide et de C. longifolia sont amphistomatiques (stomates sur les deux faces) alors que celles des deux autres espèces sont hypostomatiques (stomates sur la face ventrale). Quand il n'y a pas sécheresse, la g s du schizachyrium à balais dépasse celle des autres espèces de 17 à 31 %. La variation de la g s d'une espèce à l'autre se manifeste surtout au moment de l'arrosage et disparaît dès que la sécheresse s'installe. La densité d...

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“…Rolling or folding reduces effective leaf area, heat load and transpiration, and thus is a potentially useful drought avoidance mechanism (O'Toole and Cruz 1980). The relatively high humidity contained within the rolled leaves may allow the stomates to stay open (Redmann 1985), thereby allowing photosynthesis to continue during periods of water stress.…”

Section: Mots Clé S: Gramine´es De Saison Fraıˆche Feuilles Plie´esmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abbreviations: FAA, formalin-acetic acidÁalcohol Folded or rolled leaves are one of the many attributes that xerophytes possess; some others are coarse and erect leaves, ridged adaxial leaf surfaces, waxy bloom and deep roots (Lawrence 1977;Bittman 1985;Redmann 1985). With leaf rolling, percent solar radiation intercepted by grass canopies has been reported to be reduced by up to 30% (Bittman and Simpson 1989).…”

Section: Mots Clé S: Gramine´es De Saison Fraıˆche Feuilles Plie´esmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the anatomical differences between flat and folded leaves in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)

Wrobel¹,

Coulman²,

Smith³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2008. An investigation into the anatomical differences between flat and folded leaves in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 339Á342. Reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea L., is one of the most productive, perennial cool-season grasses. It is found in humid and subhumid regions of the northern United States and southern Canada. Reed canarygrass plants with folded leaves were observed in a space-planted nursery. Morphological variants involving leaf folding or rolling have been studied in a number of grass species. None of these studies have investigated the anatomical differences between the folded leaf and more frequently occurring flat leaves in the respective species. The objective of this study was to investigate the histological differences between the folded and flat leaves. Upon sectioning, the flat leaf type was observed to have turgid bulliform cells, while those in the folded leaves were flaccid. And the folded leaves appeared to have a larger sclerenchymal layer in the extended bundle sheaths compared with the flat leaves. Incorporating the folded leaf genotype into a breeding program may allow the cultivation of reed canarygrass in more arid regions, and may improve the biofuel quality of a resulting cultivar.

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Adaptation of Grasses to Water Stress-Leaf Rolling and Stomate Distribution

Cited by 54 publications

References 14 publications

Ecophysiology of Two Native Invasive Woody Species and Two Dominant Warm‐Season Grasses in the Semiarid Grasslands of the Nebraska Sandhills

Ecophysiology of Two Native Invasive Woody Species and Two Dominant Warm‐Season Grasses in the Semiarid Grasslands of the Nebraska Sandhills

Stomatal variability of native warm-season grasses from the Nebraska Sandhills

An investigation into the anatomical differences between flat and folded leaves in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)

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