Adaptation of Reputation Management Systems to Dynamic Network Conditions in Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

Reputation management systems have been proposed as a cooperation enforcement solution in ad hoc networks. Typically, the functions of reputation management (evaluation, detection, and reaction) are carried out homogeneously across time and space. However, the dynamic nature of ad hoc networks causes node behavior to vary both spatially and temporally due to changes in local and network-wide conditions. When reputation management functions do not adapt to such changes, their effectiveness, measured in terms of accuracy (correct identification of node behavior) and promptness (timely identification of node misbehavior), may be compromised. We propose an adaptive reputation management system that realizes that changes in node behavior may be driven by changes in network conditions and that accommodates such changes by adapting its operating parameters. We introduce a time-slotted approach to allow the evaluation function to quickly and accurately capture changes in node behavior. We show how the duration of an evaluation slot can adapt according to the network's activity to enhance the system accuracy and promptness. We then show how the detection function can utilize a Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) to distinguish between cooperative and misbehaving neighbors. The SPRT adapts to changes in neighbors' behavior that are a by-product of changing network conditions, by using the node's own behavior as a benchmark. We compare our proposed solution to a nonadaptive system, showing the ability of our system to achieve high accuracy and promptness in dynamic environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to explore the adaptation of the reputation management functions to changes in network conditions.

A Real-time Reputation Evaluation Model for Stimulating in MANETs

“…The node behaviors sometimes are driven by changes in the dynamic network environment, therefore, a time-slotted approach can accurately capture the variation of node behaviors. In order to distinguish cooperation and misbehaviors, Work [5] established the detection function to utilize the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). Except for stimulating the routing forwarding services of selfish nodes, the reputation was also applied to the security routing attacks (e.g., black-hole and gray-hole attacks) in the wireless mesh network [6].…”

Risk-Aware Mitigation for MANET Routing Attacks

“…In [1] and [2], malicious nodes are isolated based on their reputations. Their work fails to take advantage of IDS alerts and simple isolation may cause unexpected network partition.…”

“…Several work [1], [2] addressed the intrusion response actions in MANET by isolating uncooperative nodes based on the node reputation derived from their behaviors. Such a simple response against malicious nodes often neglects possible negative side effects involved with the response actions.…”

Reversed Stackelberg bandwidth-sharing game for cognitive multi-hop cellular networks

“…Therefore cooperation among different nodes is essential for effective wireless network operation [18]. To satisfy this goal, we design an effective trust evaluation mechanism.…”