Adaptation of the AFRC wheat phenology model for Dutch conditions.

Reinink, K.; Jorritsma, I.T.M.; Darwinkel, A.

doi:10.18174/njas.v34i1.16811

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The wheat model ARCWHEAT (Weir et al 1984) uses a function with a broad plateau from 3 to 8 °C and with a declining response up to 17 °C. A modified form of this response was used by Reinink et al (1986) who reduced the minimum temperature for fully effective vernalization and the maximum temperature above which response ceases. J. T. Ritchie (personal communication, 1990) proposed a function which allows fully effective vernalization from 05 to 5-5 C C and a maximum of 18 °C.…”

Section: Model Function For Vernalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…J. T. Ritchie (personal communication, 1990) proposed a function which allows fully effective vernalization from 05 to 5-5 C C and a maximum of 18 °C. The function used is based on those of Ritchie and of Reinink et al (1986), the main difference being the level chosen for the maximum temperature, where the findings of Trione & Metzger (1970) were noted. The relation between temperature and the effectiveness of vernalization used in this paper is summarized in Fig.…”

Section: Model Function For Vernalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ford (personal communication, 1984) for Plant Breeding Institute varieties Aquila, Avalon, Bounty, Huntsman and Norman used in the experiments described in this paper. The duration selected for winter wheat for full vernalization was 50 vernalization days (Fv 60 ), the same as used by J. T. Ritchie (personal communication, 1990) and similar to the 46 days used by Reinink et al (1986). Some spring wheats are known to respond to vernalization (Levy & Peterson 1972;Ford et al 1981) but are generally fully vernalized by c. 2-3 weeks exposure to a temperature of c. 4 °C.…”

Section: Model Function For Vernalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A field study of the number of main shoot leaves in wheat in relation to vernalization and photoperiod

Kirby¹

1992

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYThe number of leaves formed on the main shoot of a wheat plant is an important developmental feature, and a method of predicting this is essential for computer simulation of development.A model function was used to estimate vernalization from simulated sowing dates throughout a season. When expressed in terms of thermal time, it was estimated that a plant might be fully vernalized soon after seedling emergence or take up to about 1000 °Cd, depending on sowing date. When the simulated progress of vernalization was related to main shoot development (primordium initiation and leaf emergence) it was found that there were substantial differences between sowings in the rate of vernalization at comparable stages of apex development.A number of field experiments done in Britain from 1980 to 1984 with prominent commercial varieties, sown at various times from September to March, were analysed in terms of the thermal time to full vernalization and the photoperiod at the time of full vernalization, with vernalization simulated by the model function. In both winter and spring varieties, both of these variables significantly affected the number of main shoot leaves. Multiple linear regression using these two variables accounted for between 70 and 90% of the variance in leaf number, depending on variety.

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Section: Model Function For Vernalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Function For Vernalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Function For Vernalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A field study of the number of main shoot leaves in wheat in relation to vernalization and photoperiod

Kirby¹

1992

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…1984) are spend a fixed time within a range of equally effective sensitive to the choice of vernalization function vernalizing temperatures to become fully vernalized. (Reinink et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the effects of vernalization on progress to final leaf appearance in winter wheat

1995

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S U M M A R YA simple model of vernalization, originally developed to quantify the vernalization response of fieldgrown carrots, was fitted to previously published experimental results for winter wheat cv. Norin 27. The optimum temperature for vernalization indicated by the model was c. 5-2 °C, as this induced the fastest progress to final leaf appearance, expressed as the reciprocal of number of days from sowing to final leaf. This rate decreased linearly with temperature rise or fall on either side of the optimum, extrapolating to zero at -4-8 °C (T min ) and 26-6 °C (7" max ). When all the treatment temperatures and durations were expressed as vernalizing degree days > -4-8 °C (V °C d), there was a linear increase in post-treatment development rate with increasing vernalization up to c. 275 V °C d. Ending the effective treatment duration for vernalization at the estimated time of initiation of the final leaf primordia brought many of the data points closer to the linear trend which described the rest of the data.Effects of using leaf number, which is linearly related to thermal time, instead of days as the unit of time to compensate for temperature differences in the original experiment were examined. Unvernalized plants had the potential to produce 18 leaves before flowering and therefore rates were expressed as the fraction of the potential total leaf number that each new leaf represented. All plants were assumed to have an initial development rate of 1/18 per leaf. This rate was assumed to increase linearly with time during the vernalizing treatment periods and then remain constant after treatment until the final leaf appeared. Leaf numbers reported from the original experiment were used with these assumptions to estimate the rate at the end of each treatment. The relationship between these rates and treatment temperatures was similar to that for rates based on post-treatment durations. There was an optimum temperature c. 5-5 °C and T mla and T max of -51 and 18-8 °C estimated by extrapolating the decreasing linear trends to the base rate of 1/18. When plotted against V °C d calculated from these temperatures, the rates from the full data set were well represented by the model line which had been fitted to the data from just one treatment duration. I N T R O D U C T I O NC 0 0 ' t e m P e r a t u r e s : fi rst t o a range of temperatures and second to the durations of these temperatures Many wheat varieties respond to a period of cool experienced by the plant. Ideally it should be based on temperatures early in their development by hastening data for the same variety. Such data remain scarce, their subsequent progress towards final leaf appear-Previous studies have used functions to describe ance and flower initiation. This vernalization response vernalization which combined data from experiments is strongest for winter wheats and is weak or absent and observations on winter rye and a number of for spring varieties. Models that attempt to predict winter wheat varieties (Lumsden 1980; Weir el al. the grow...

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“…A literature search, however, yielded no indication of use of a nonlinear function for f(V) in current models. Instead, f(V) is typically modeled by a three‐stage linear function (Weir et al, 1984; Reinink et al, 1986; Ritchie, 1991; Cao and Moss, 1997, Wang and Engel, 1998). The three‐stage linear function has two coefficients: the minimum or base VD (VD b ), defined as the VD below which no development occurs, and the maximum or full VD (VD full ), defined as the VD above which the development rate is maximum.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Generalized Vernalization Response Function for Winter Wheat

Streck¹,

Weiss²,

Baenziger³

2003

Agronomy Journal

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pects of the vernalization response, however, are still under debate, such as the expression of the vernalization Vernalization is a process required for certain plant species to response [should it be in units of thermal time to flowenter the reproductive stage through an exposure to low, nonfreezing ering or final leaf number (FLN)?] and how genetic temperatures. These plant species include some fall-planted cereals,variability should be characterized (Wang et al., 1995; among them winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A three-stage linear function is currently used in wheat simulation models to describe the Rawson et al., 1998). developmental response to the duration of the vernalization treatment, Wheat plants respond to vernalization by decreasing expressed as effective vernalization days (VD). This function lacks their time to flowering (i.e., there is an increase in the generality because the value of its coefficients varies with genotype. development rate toward flowering), and there is no de-The objective of this study was to develop a generalized nonlinear vervelopmental response to vernalizing temperatures after nalization response function for winter wheat. The nonlinear vernalflowering (Slafer and Rawson, 1994; Cao and Moss, ization function developed in this study has coefficients with biological 1997; Wang and Engel, 1998). The decrease in the time meaning. Data of final leaf number at different VD treatments in 12 to flowering is caused by a decrease in the number of winter wheat cultivars from 19 trials, which are from published reprimordia that become leaves, i.e., a decrease in FLN search and from a growth chamber experiment conducted as part of (Hay and Kirby, 1991; Slafer and Rawson, 1994; Wang this study, were used as independent data for evaluating the nonlinear et al., 1995). The plant response to vernalization is given vernalization function. These data sets represent a wide range of winter wheat cultivars developed in different parts of the world. The by the combination of two factors, the temperature durgeneralized nonlinear vernalization function described the developing the vernalization period and the duration of the mental response to VD better (RMSE ϭ 0.032) than the three-stage vernalization period. Vernalization has three cardinal linear functions (RMSE ϭ 0.060 for cultivar Karl 92 and RMSE ϭ (minimum, optimum, and maximum) temperatures (Yan 0.129 for cultivar Arapahoe). It is concluded that the vernalization and Hunt, 1999). In an extensive review, Porter and response of winter wheat can be described by a general vernalization Gawith (1999) suggested that the cardinal temperatures function. This conclusion implies that a reduction in the input data for vernalization in wheat are Ϫ1.3, 4.9, and 15.7ЊC, requirements is possible for winter wheat simulation models.respectively. The duration of the exposure to vernalizing temperatures is measured as VD. One VD is attained 155

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Adaptation of the AFRC wheat phenology model for Dutch conditions.

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

A field study of the number of main shoot leaves in wheat in relation to vernalization and photoperiod

A field study of the number of main shoot leaves in wheat in relation to vernalization and photoperiod

Modelling the effects of vernalization on progress to final leaf appearance in winter wheat

A Generalized Vernalization Response Function for Winter Wheat

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