Adaptation of the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I axis to chronic and severe calorie or protein malnutrition.

Oster, Michelle H.; Fielder, Paul J.; Levin, Nancy; Cronin, Michael J.

doi:10.1172/jci117916

Cited by 106 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Energy restriction to 40% of maintenance decreased IGFBP-3 concentrations in young rats (Oster et al 1995), whereas IGFBP-2 concentrations increased after only 4 days of similar dietary modification in meat-type chickens (Kitka et al 1996). In adult human volunteers, IGFBP-3 was decreased and IGFBP-2 increased by short-term restriction of protein, and subsequently normalised with refeeding (Smith et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nutritional modulation of canine insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins

Maxwell¹,

Butterwick²,

Yateman³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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The response of canine insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) to moderate nutritional restriction followed by refeeding has not previously been studied in detail. The purpose of these studies was to examine the effects of nutritional restriction on the IGF system of adult dogs. Normal serum IGF values were established after validation of heterologous RIAs for measuring canine IGFs-I and -II. Canine serum IGFBP profiles were examined by Western ligand blotting (WLB), using radiolabelled recombinant human (rh) IGF-I as the ligand, and were found to be similar to those of other species. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations correlated with body weight, thus reflecting breed size as previously shown, whereas IGF-II concentrations did not.IGFBP-2 serum concentrations and band intensity on WLB were increased compared with normal human serum IGFBP-2. Overnight fasting had no effect on IGF or IGFBP concentrations, including IGFBP-1, nor did refeeding. Prolonged restriction to 56% and then 42·5% of maintenance energy requirements for 2 weeks decreased IGF-I concentrations by 20·4% and 32·7% respectively. Feeding of the same diet ad libitum for 2 weeks normalised IGF-I concentrations. There were no changes in IGF-II or insulin levels. Serum IGFBP-2 concentrations increased with 56% restriction of maintenance energy (P=0·03). We conclude that serum IGF-I is potentially a useful marker of short-term change in nutritional status in the adult dog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nutritional modulation of canine insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins

Maxwell¹,

Butterwick²,

Yateman³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The IGF axis, one of the major regulators of growth, both pre-and postnatally (Randhawa and Cohen, 2005), can be profoundly altered by malnutrition in utero (Estívariz and Ziegler, 1997). This can reduce concentrations of both circulating IGF-1 and growth hormone (Oster et al, 1995). Finally, elevated stress levels during pregnancy may cause growth retardation in the foetus (Liu et al, 1993;Kranendonk et al, 2006;Diego et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal backfat depth in gestating sows has a greater influence on offspring growth and carcass lean yield than maternal feed allocation during gestation

Amdi

Giblin

Ryan

et al. 2014

Animal

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A commercial pig spends nearly half of its life in utero and its nutrition during this time can influence birth weight and postnatal growth. We hypothesised that postnatal growth is increased in pigs raised by sows with a high backfat depth and high level of energy intake during gestation compared with sows with a low backfat depth and low level of energy intake during gestation. This was tested in a 2 × 3 factorial design experiment with 2 factors for gilt backfat depth (Thin and Fat) and 3 factors for gestation feed allowance (Restricted, Control and High). Between d 25 and d 90 of gestation, Thin gilts (n = 68; 12 ± 0.6 mm P2 backfat) and Fat gilts ( n = 72; 19 ± 0.6 mm P2 backfat) were randomly allocated, as individuals, to a gestation diet (6.19 g/kg lysine, 13.0 MJ DE/kg) at the following feed allowances: 1.8 kg/day (Restricted); 2.5 kg/day (Control) and 3.5 kg/day (High). For the remainder of gestation and during lactation all gilts were treated similarly. At weaning (day 28), 155 piglets were sacrificed and 272 were individually housed and followed through to slaughter (day 158). At day 80 of gestation, fasted Thin Restricted gilts had lower serum IGF-1 concentrations than Thin High or Thin Control fed gilts ( P < 0.001). Pigs born from Fat gilts had greater backfat depths ( P < 0.05), a lower lean meat yield ( P < 0.05) and were heavier ( P < 0.05) at slaughter than pigs born from Thin gilts. Gilt gestation feed allowance had only transitory effects on average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency and had no effect on pig weight at slaughter ( P > 0.05) or lean meat yield ( P > 0.05). In conclusion, gilts with a backfat depth of~19 mm at insemination produced pigs that were heavier and fatter at~158 days of age than those born from gilts with~12 mm backfat depth at insemination. Maternal body condition during gestation had a more predominant influence on growth parameters of the offspring, such as weight at slaughter and backfat depth, than did feed level during gestation.

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“…We found that the pattern of expression is different among the different lymphoid tissues studied, as well as, among the various cell subsets. It is well known that fasting or protein calorie malnutrition decreases the GHR expression in the liver causing a resistance to the growth hormone action; less severe malnutrition such as a decreased protein intake, does not affect the GH binding but some post-receptors defects have been described (11,13). In this study of protein deprivation at various levels, an increase in the GHR binding has been observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Both protein and energy intake are critical in the regulation of serum levels of IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), GH and GH binding protein (GHBP), as well as the expression levels of the GHR and the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) (8)(9)(10). It is known that a GH resistant state is induced during nutritional stress, depending on the specific type and length of nutrient deprivation (11). In humans and in several other species, when food intake is reduced, serum GH levels are increased (except in the rat) and circulating levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and GH-BP are reduced (11,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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La desnutrición proteica estimula la expresión de receptores de la hormona del crecimiento en linfocitos B esplénicos de rata

Mejía-Naranjo¹,

Sánchez-Gómez²

2004

biomedica

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The reciprocal interaction between the endocrine and immune systems has been the subject of active research during the last decade, and an important body of evidence has accumulated supporting the role of the GH/IGF axis in immune function. More recently, the GH/IGF axis has been postulated as playing an important role in the modulation of stress conditions, such as catabolic stages, aging-related disorders, immunodeficient aids patients and malnutrition. Whether these effects are exerted through endocrine, autocrine or paracrine mechanisms remains to be determined for different immune cell types and tissues. The aim of the current study was to define which specific subsets of lymphocytes are the primary targets for GH action. In addition, the regulatory role of stress induced by protein restriction was investigated with respect to the relative distribution of GH receptor positive lymphoid cells. Normal growing rats were fed isocaloric diets with variable protein content (0, 4, 8, 12 and 20%) for a period of 14 days. The lymphoid cells were then separated from spleen, lymph nodes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Flow cytometry analysis measured the binding characteristics of Fluos-rrGH to lymphocytes together with specific PE-labelled mAbs defining CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B lymphocytes. The pattern of expression of the GH receptor differed among the lymphoid tissues and cell subsets. Spleen was the most responsive organ to protein deprivation with highest GH receptor expression in B lymphocytes, followed by CD4+ T cells. As the protein intake was decreased from 20% to 0%, the percentage of GHR positive cells increased from 12% to 52% in splenic B lymphocytes and from 8% to 17% in CD4+ T cells. In contrast, only 10%-13% of lymphocytes in lymph nodes and 2%-4% in circulation, showed binding sites to GH associated with protein deprivation. In conclusion, the increase in GH receptors on lymphocytes under catabolic stress induced by protein malnutrition gives support to the hypothesis of a modulatory role of the GH/IGF axis in preserving the homeostasis of immune tissues.Key words: growth hormone receptor, malnutrition, lymphocytes. La desnutrición proteica estimula la expresión de receptores de la hormona del crecimiento en linfocitos B esplénicos de rataLa interacción recíproca entre los sistemas endocrino e immune ha sido objeto en la última década de numerosas investigaciones que han aportado evidencia sustancial sobre el papel del eje GH/IGF-I en el sistema inmune. Recientemente, se ha postulado que el eje GH/IGF-I ejerce una función importante en la modulación de condiciones de estrés, tales como estados catabólicos, trastornos asociados con el envejecimiento, síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida y desnutrición. No se conoce aún si estos efectos son ejercidos a través de mecanismos endocrinos, autocrinos o paracrinos en los diferentes tipos de tejidos del sistema inmune. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los principales subtipos celulares linfoides que son blanco de la acción de la hormona de cre...

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Adaptation of the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I axis to chronic and severe calorie or protein malnutrition.

Cited by 106 publications

References 55 publications

Nutritional modulation of canine insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins

Nutritional modulation of canine insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins

Maternal backfat depth in gestating sows has a greater influence on offspring growth and carcass lean yield than maternal feed allocation during gestation

La desnutrición proteica estimula la expresión de receptores de la hormona del crecimiento en linfocitos B esplénicos de rata

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