Adaptation of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

Functional capacity is a complex concept that includes basic activities of daily living (BADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), 1) and advanced activities. 2) Since inadequacies in BADL affect daily activities, work performance, and leisure activities, BADL is one of the most important indicators of success to define the skill level, demonstrate the effectiveness of rehabilitation, and determine a person's ability to perform activities of daily living. 3,4) The BADL may decline due to age, a specific disease, or a variety of factors such as decreased muscle strength, muscle atrophy, degenerative changes in joints, impaired neuromuscular coordination, loss of vision, and postural changes. 5) BADL represent the activities necessary for self-care (e.g., bathing, dressing, feeding, etc.) while IADL represent the activities that allow independence in social life. 6,7) In addition to some BADL, Background: The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale is the most widely used scale for the assessment of IADL in the elderly population. The aim of this study was to adapt the Lawton IADL Scale in Turkish and to investigate the validity and the reliability of the scale in older adults. Methods: A total of 80 participants with a mean age of 71.6±5.8 years were included in the study. The independent living skills of the older adults were measured using Lawton IADL, Hodkinson Mental Test, Functional Independence Scale, Barthel Index, Katz Index, and visual analog scale. Lawton IADL was translated into Turkish, validated by professional reviewers, translated back into English, and then tested. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability in a group of 34 participants and test-retest was performed 1 week after the first test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to show the relationship between Lawton IADL and other scales and indexes. Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) value was 0.843 for the whole scale. The intraclass correlation coefficient value of the scale was 0.915. Conclusion: These results confirm that the Turkish version of the Lawton IADL scale has excellent reliability and validity.

Validity and reliability: the Iranian version of Lawton IADL in elderly community dwellers

“…In our study for criterion validity, the association between Lawton IADL with FAAM-ADL, SF36-PCS scores showed moderate correlations and strong correlation with ADL-Barthel, also a weaker correlation observed with SF36-MCS. Accordingly, the Turkish study observed IADL correlated to the independency level and basic ADL-Barthel and Katz as valid tools to apply in the elderly Turkish community (Isik et al, 2020).…”

“…The participating elderly in this study had a proportional cognitive level (AMT, 9.5 6 0.9). Isik et al expressed that low cognitive function could cause impairment in decision-making abilities that might have an effect on ethics relating to the study and informed consent, and affect IADL abilities (Isik et al, 2020). Therefore, we used AMT scores !8 as an inclusion criterion.…”

Effect of clinical pharmacists' interventions on dementia treatment adherence and caregivers' knowledge

“…The functional status of the patients was assessed by the Katz Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) 16 and the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), 17 and cognitive status was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). 18 In the first interview, after collecting demographic data of the patients and their caregivers, the Morisky Green Levine Adherence Scale (MGLS) was applied to the patients who used the medications themselves, and to the caregivers for the others, and the adherence of patients with dementia treatment was evaluated.…”

The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elderly Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Although the highness of the HS-EAST score indicates a potential increase in the risk of elder abuse, a score of 3 or more can be interpreted as the presence of abuse (13). They all have Turkish validity and reliability studies and suitable for using in Turkish elderly population (13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”