Adaptation of the two-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-2) to Chinese rural population: A validation study and meta-analysis

Luo, Zhicheng; Li, Yuqian; Hou, Yitan; Zhang, Haiqing; Liu, Xiaotian; Qian, Xinling; Jiang, Jingjing; Wang, Yan; Li, Xue; Dong, Xiaokang; Qiao, Dou; Wang, Fang; Wang, Chongjian

doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.07.008

Cited by 70 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We found that caregivers of children on kidney replacement treatment had a higher prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms (13%) and anxiety (11%) than those in studies in other Chinese populations. With the same cutoff score, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 4%-5% (15,16), and the prevalence of anxiety was around 5% (8,17). The possible reasons are that the caregivers of the children on kidney failure treatment during the epidemic have parental, medical, and disease prevention responsibilities and that the physical, logistical, and financial challenges they face in caring for their children make them more vulnerable to mental distress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Outbreak and Management Approach for Families with Children on Long-Term Kidney Replacement Therapy

Zhao

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2020

CJASN

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Background and objectivesDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, the treatment of families with children on long-term KRT is challenging. This study was conducted to identify the current difficulties, worries regarding the next 2 months, and mental distress experienced by families with children on long-term KRT during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak and to deliver possible management approaches to ensure uninterrupted treatment for children on long-term KRT.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA multicenter online survey was conducted between February 10 and 15, 2020, among the families with children on long-term KRT from five major pediatric dialysis centers in mainland China. The primary caregivers of children currently on long-term KRT were eligible and included. Demographic information, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection status, current difficulties, and worries regarding the next 2 months were surveyed using a self-developed questionnaire. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 were used to screen for depressive symptoms and anxiety, respectively.ResultsAmong the children in the 220 families included in data analysis, 113 (51%) children were on dialysis, and the other 107 (49%) had kidney transplants. No families reported confirmed or suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019. Overall, 135 (61%) and 173 (79%) caregivers reported having difficulties now and having worries regarding the next 2 months, respectively. Dialysis supply shortage (dialysis group) and hard to have blood tests (kidney transplantation group) were most commonly reported. A total of 29 (13%) caregivers had depressive symptoms, and 24 (11%) had anxiety. After the survey, we offered online and offline interventions to address their problems. At the time of the submission of this paper, no treatment interruption had been reported.ConclusionsThe coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has had physical, mental, logistical, and financial effects on families with children on long-term KRT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Outbreak and Management Approach for Families with Children on Long-Term Kidney Replacement Therapy

Zhao

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2020

CJASN

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“…The Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2; Luo et al, 2019 ; Plummer et al, 2016 ) was adopted to assess the extent to which participants had suffered from COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms in the past 14 days. The original GAD-2 has been widely used across different cultures, including Chinese people ( Luo et al, 2019 ; Plummer et al, 2016 ). Participants responded on a four-point Likert scale (0 = not at all to 3 = nearly every day ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants responded on a four-point Likert scale (0 = not at all to 3 = nearly every day ). The items were “ I am feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge ” and “ I am not able to stop or control worrying .” The total score ranged from 0 to 6, while a cut-off point of 3 was recommended to identify GAD-2 ( Luo et al, 2019 ; Plummer et al, 2016 ). In the current study, Cronbach's α was 0.80.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-related stigma profiles and risk factors among people who are at high risk of contagion

Duan

Chen

2020

Social Science & Medicine

109

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Rationale COVID-19 is likely to be stigmatized. The people of Hubei province perceived courtesy and affiliate stigma due to the geographic linkage to COVID-19. Perceived courtesy stigma refers to the perception of stigma of people who are associated with COVID-19 (e.g., the geographic linkage). Affiliate stigma is the internalization and psychological responses of perceived courtesy stigma among the associates. Objective The current study aims to reveal different patterns of perceived courtesy and affiliate stigma among people who are at high risk of contagion of COVID-19, and to examine the possible risk factors. Method A sample including 2813 adults who located in Hubei Province, China (female: n = 2,184, 77.64%; male: n = 629, 22.36%; mean age = 37.85 years, SD = 6.61 years, range = 18–63 years) were employed in the current study, using latent profile analysis for searching stigma profiles. Results Three profiles of stigma were found: the “Denier” (35.98%), “Confused moderate” (48.13%) and “Perceiver” (15.89%) displaying the low, moderate and high level of perceived courtesy and affiliate stigma, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that generally people with a high level of education, perceived threats, anxiety symptoms, and familiarity with quarantined cases have a high likelihood to be distributed into the “Perceiver”. Discussion and Conclusions Our findings highlight the issues of COVID-19-related stigma and provide evidence for launching effective health actions to promote a cohesive society and culture of health. The media can transmit scientific knowledge, promote positive interactions and social cohesion between the stigmatized group and the dominant group, and create spaces for stories that nurture group identification among the implicated people. Future studies should use more representative sample and improve the measures.

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“…And a study assessed the prevalence and associated factors in rural population using the two-item GAD scale (GAD-2), which included two items (feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge and not being able to stop or control worrying) yielding a sensitivity of 85% [35]. Furthermore, the GAD-2 had preeminent overall accuracy for identifying anxiety symptoms (AUC = 0.97; 95% Cl, 0.94-1.00), which is a clinically effective and psychometrically valid tool for screening anxiety symptoms [23,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anxiety symptoms of participants were collected using the two-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-2) [23] which included two items (feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge and not being able to stop or control worrying) yielding a sensitivity of 85% [24]. The scores of this scale ranged from 0 to 6.…”

Section: Definition Of Anxiety Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-response association of sleep quality with anxiety symptoms in Chinese rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort

Shen

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives The epidemiological evidence on the effect of sleep quality on anxiety symptoms has been inconclusive. This study aimed at exploring the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety symptoms in rural China and further validating the association utilizing a meta-analysis.Methods A total of 27,911 participants aged 18–79 years from the Henan Rural Cohort Study completed assessments of sleep quality. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to evaluate the sleep quality with anxiety symptoms. A meta-analysis was used to validate the result of the cross-sectional study.Results Altogether, 6087(21.80%) were poor sleepers and 1557(5.58%) had anxiety symptoms. The odds of anxiety were increased with increment of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score after fitting restricted cubic splines. And the poor sleep qualitywas associated with a higher possibility of anxiety symptoms OR(95%CI) (4.61, 3.71-5.73) in men, and (3.56, 3.10-4.10) in women on multivariable analysis. Further stratified analyses showed that the effect of sleep quality and anxiety symptoms could be modified by age, marital status, lifestyle and chronic disease. The meta-analysis showed that pooled OR of anxiety symptoms was significantly higher for poor sleepers (1.49, 1.41-1.56, I 2 =98.9%, P <0.001).Conclusions These findings indicate that poor sleep quality was associated with increased odds of anxiety symptoms. In addition, relationship between poor sleep quality and anxiety symptoms was observed in this rural population, especially in participants aged ≥60 years and those with unhealthy habits or had a chronic disease.

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Adaptation of the two-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-2) to Chinese rural population: A validation study and meta-analysis

Cited by 70 publications

References 39 publications

COVID-19 Outbreak and Management Approach for Families with Children on Long-Term Kidney Replacement Therapy

COVID-19 Outbreak and Management Approach for Families with Children on Long-Term Kidney Replacement Therapy

COVID-19-related stigma profiles and risk factors among people who are at high risk of contagion

Dose-response association of sleep quality with anxiety symptoms in Chinese rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort

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