Adaptation of three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) into
Turkish culture: A validity and reliability study

Karakuş, Suzan Şeren; Yıldırım, Halime; Büyüköztürk, Şener

doi:10.5455/pmb.1-1446540396

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 The TFEQ-R21 was developed by Stunkard and Messick (1985) and revised by Cappelleri et al (2009); Turkish version: Karakus et al 2016). The Turkish version of TFEQ-R21 comprises 21 items assessing three domains of eating behavior: cognitive restraint (CR, α = .80), uncontrolled eating (UE, α = .79), and emotional eating (EE, α = .87).…”

Section: Demographic Information Form This Form Included Questions Comentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediating Effects of Fear of COVID-19 and Depression on the Association Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Emotional Eating During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

Pak

Süsen

Nazlıgül

et al. 2021

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the mental health of individuals due to severe changes in their normal life routines. These changes might give rise to stressinduced factors and result in developing maladaptive behaviors. Therefore, the present study tested an explorative sequential mediation model regarding the COVID-19 pandemic as a global natural experiment and hypothesized that fear and depression would be serial mediators of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and emotional eating. An online cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was adopted. A total of 362 participants were recruited from Turkey, and each completed a battery of demographic questions and psychometric scales. The standardized instruments used to test the model's constructs were the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21. The model was tested using a bootstrapping method utilizing IBM AMOS 24 software. Results showed that emotional eating was positively associated with intolerance of uncertainty, fear of COVID-19, and depression. Moreover, fear of COVID-19 had positive correlation with intolerance of uncertainty and depression. Significant negative association was also found between age and intolerance of uncertainty. In addition, females significantly reported higher levels of emotional eating and fear of COVID-19 than males. The study's hypothesized sequential mediation model was further supported. It is concluded that depression most likely developed by fear was triggered by intolerance of uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic and leading to emotional eating. The study is significant because it advances theories of emotional eating with an investigation examining some of its underlying mechanisms. Also, it is one of a few research studies highlighting to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic-related cognitions and emotions are associated with maladaptive behaviors in the case of emotional eating.

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Section: Demographic Information Form This Form Included Questions Comentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediating Effects of Fear of COVID-19 and Depression on the Association Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Emotional Eating During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

Pak

Süsen

Nazlıgül

et al. 2021

Int J Ment Health Addiction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Despite a significant body of literature regarding the utility of the TFEQ in adults (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) , the validity of this TFEQr21 remains to be tested among children and adolescents. Martín-García et al (19) recently reported a strong association between body composition and cognitive restraint in 7-17-year-old Spanish youth using a modified version of the Spanish adult TFEQ.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development and validation of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17)

Bryant

Torgerson

Chaput

et al. 2018

Public Health Nutr.

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4OBJECTIVE: Develop and validate a child and adolescent version of the Three Factor Eating 5 Questionnaire (CTFEQr17), and to assess its psychometric properties and factor structure. We 6 also examined associations between the CTFEQr17 and body mass index (BMI) and food 7 preferences. RESULTS: The CTFEQr17 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's =0.85) and the 18 three factor structure was retained: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and 19 emotional eating (EE). Qualitative data demonstrated a high level of understanding of the 20 questionnaire (95%). A high CR was found to be significantly associated with a higher body 21 weight, BMI and BMI percentile. High UE and EE scores were related to a preference for high 22 fat savoury and high fat sweet foods. The relationships between CTFEQr17, anthropometry 23 and food preference were stronger in girls compared to boys. 24CONCLUSIONS: The CTFEQr17 is a psychometrically sound questionnaire for use in 25 children and adolescents, and is associated with anthropometric and food preference measures. INTRODUCTION 29The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has reached epidemic proportions 30 worldwide and is associated with many comorbidities (1)(2)(3) . Pediatric obesity is closely linked 31 to the so-called "obesogenic" environment where a myriad of factors are conducive to eating 32 too much and not moving enough, thereby promoting weight gain and ultimately overweight 33 and obesity (4, 5) . Among the many factors that explain the susceptibility to gain weight, a better 34 understanding of the link between eating behaviours and weight gain is of crucial importance 35to overcome the rising rates of obesity. 37Obesity interventions have to consider individuals' eating behaviours, especially those that 38 have been associated with obesity and weight gain (6, 7) . For example, dietary restriction can 39 promote overeating in dietary restrained adolescents having disinhibited eating behaviour (8) . 40Additionally, adolescents with high restrained eating behaviour scores are more likely to gain 41 weight over time (9) . Properly assessing eating behaviours of children and adolescents remains, 42 however, challenging. uncontrolled eating refers to eating in response to food palatability and the likelihood to over-53 consume, and emotional eating represents the process to eat in response to negative moods (13) . 55Despite a significant body of literature regarding the utility of the TFEQ in adults (13 -18) , the The objective of this study was to develop an adapted-version of the adult TFEQr21 to be used 65 among children and adolescents (CTFEQr17), and to assess its psychometric properties and 66 factor structure. We also examined the associations between the CTFEQr17 and body mass 67 index (BMI) and food preferences as a secondary objective. METHODS 71The process of developing and validating the CTFEQr17 was a two-phase process: the Anthropometric Measurements 127A subsample of children had their height and weight measu...

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“…The UE and EE subscales of the TFEQ-R21 were shown to have utility in predicting weight gain and weight-loss success in obese and non-obese adult samples, while EE was also found to be associated with overweight and obesity (14) . Until recently, research on the utility of the TFEQ has focused on varied adult populations (11,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) , including university students (15,(21)(22)(23) , participants of weight-loss interventions (24)(25)(26)(27) and adolescents (16,28,29) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a child version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire in a Canadian sample: a psychometric tool for the evaluation of eating behaviour

Yabsley

Gunnell

Bryant

et al. 2018

Public Health Nutr.

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ObjectiveTo examine score validity and reliability of a child version of the twenty-one-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQ-R21) in a sample of Canadian children and adolescents and its relationship with BMI Z-score and food/taste preferences.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSchool-based.ParticipantsChildren (n 158), sixty-three boys (mean age 11·5 (sd 1·6) years) and ninety-five girls (11·9 (sd 1·9) years).ResultsExploratory factor analysis revealed that the CTFEQ-R21 was best represented by four factors with item 17 removed (CFFEQ-R20), representing Cognitive Restraint (CR), Cognitive Uncontrolled Eating (UE 1), External Uncontrolled Eating (UE 2) and Emotional Eating (EE), accounting for 41·2 % of the total common variance with good scale reliability. ANOVA revealed that younger children reported higher UE 1 and CR scores than older children, and boys who reported high UE 1 scores had significantly higher BMI Z-scores. Children with high UE 1 scores reported a greater preference for high-protein and -fat foods, and high-fat savoury (HFSA) and high-fat sweet (HFSW) foods. Higher preference for high-protein, -fat and -carbohydrate foods, and HFSA, HFSW and low-fat savoury foods was found in children with high UE 2 scores.ConclusionsThe study suggests that the CFFEQ-R20 can be used to measure eating behaviour traits and associations with BMI Z-score and food/taste preferences in Canadian children and adolescents. Future research is needed to examine the validity of the questionnaire in larger samples and other geographical locations, as well as the inclusion of extraneous variables such as parental eating or socio-economic status.

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Adaptation of three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) into Turkish culture: A validity and reliability study

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

The Mediating Effects of Fear of COVID-19 and Depression on the Association Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Emotional Eating During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

The Mediating Effects of Fear of COVID-19 and Depression on the Association Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Emotional Eating During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

Development and validation of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17)

Validation of a child version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire in a Canadian sample: a psychometric tool for the evaluation of eating behaviour

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