Adaptation of ventilation to ‘buffeting’ in vehicles

Green, David Andrew; Golding, John F.; Mandip, Aulukh; Faldon, Mary Catherine; Murphy, Kevin G.; Bronstein, Adolfo M.; Gresty, Michael A.

doi:10.1007/s10286-008-0491-y

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The methods have been described previously in this journal [6,7]. In brief, subjects sat in a flight simulator restrained by a 4 point harness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vestibular patients were thought to be a potentially vulnerable group studied because many, up to 50%, find buffeting rides challenging [2]. Additionally, vestibular stimulation evokes an excitatory drive to respiratory pump muscles [18] via central pathways and thereby prepares both ventilation and trunk mechanics for tilting from vertical [3,7]. Consequently, we hypothesise that either loss of, or hyperactive vestibular function would seem to have the potential to cause abnormal responses to buffeting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Conversely, lung inflation would protect against shock, much as an inflated balloon becomes rigid. Similarly, limited time between expiration and inspiration may retroactively protect against the passive mechanical entrainment of breathing which, unchecked, would encourage overbreathing [3,7]. The timing of central drive to respiration could also be changed to take advantage of the mechanical advantages of adopting a tachypnoea when the torso is buffeted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A normal depth of breathing is maintained during the first 3-5 min of motion so that the subjects 'overbreathe' lowering PET CO 2 by a mean of 2-3 mmHg with certain individuals dropping to 34 mmHg PET CO 2 . Approximately 3-5 min into motion a reduction in minute volume takes place which compensates for the sustained tachypnoea, thereby returning CO 2 levels to normal [7]. There is slight elevation of heart rate at the onset of motion but little effect on blood pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The normal response to mild buffeting, as would be experienced in a jerky bus ride or an emergency ambulance, is a stereotypical elevation of breathing frequency which persists throughout motion [6,7]. A normal depth of breathing is maintained during the first 3-5 min of motion so that the subjects 'overbreathe' lowering PET CO 2 by a mean of 2-3 mmHg with certain individuals dropping to 34 mmHg PET CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Respiratory vulnerability to vehicle buffeting

et al. 2011

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Overbreathing during buffeting could be caused by (1) resetting of CO(2) rest levels lower; (2) change in receptor sensitivity; (3) adjustment of central drive to breathing; and (4) stiffening of posture because of motion discomfort reduced the ability to modulate breathing. The buffeting experienced was moderately violent. More profound hypocapnia and mechanical shock are likely to result in vulnerable individuals failing to adapt to severe buffeting in transport on unpaved roads, in war zones or by sea ambulance.

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“…The methods have been described previously in this journal [6,7]. In brief, subjects sat in a flight simulator restrained by a 4 point harness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Respiratory vulnerability to vehicle buffeting

et al. 2011

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Effect of temporal relationship between respiration and body motion on motion sickness

Denise

Vouriot

Normand

et al. 2009

Autonomic Neuroscience

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Inner ear insult ablates the arousal response to hypoxia and hypercarbia

Allen

Garcia²,

Tang³

et al. 2013

Neuroscience

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Introduction Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) remains the leading cause of infant mortality in Western societies. A prior study identified an association between hearing suppression on the newborn hearing test and subsequent death from SIDS. This is the first finding of an abnormality in SIDS cases prior to death. A following study identified that inner ear dysfunction precipitates a marked suppression of the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR). Failure of arousal has been proposed to be a key component in SIDS. The objective of the present study was to assess whether inner ear dysfunction not only weakens the hypercapnic response, but also plays a role in suppressing the arousal response to suffocating gas mixtures. Methods Wild-type mice (n = 28) received intra-tympanic gentamicin (IT-Gent) injections bilaterally or unilaterally to precipitate inner ear hair cell dysfunction. Three control groups (n = 22) received intra-tympanic saline (IT-Saline) bilaterally or unilaterally (right or left), or intra-peritoneal gentamicin (IP-Gent). The body movement arousal responses to severe hypoxia–hypercarbia combined (5% CO2 in nitrogen) were tested under light anesthesia 8 days following the administration of gentamicin or saline. Results After injections, the bilateral and unilateral IT-Gent-treated animals behaved similarly to controls, however the HCVR as well as the arousal movements in response to severe hypoxia–hypercarbia were suppressed in IT-Gent-treated animals compared to control animals (P < 0.05). Thus the HCVR was significantly decreased in the bilateral (n = 9) and unilateral IT-Gent-treated mice (n = 19) compared to bilateral (n = 7) and unilateral IT-Saline (n = 9) control groups (p < 0.05). Arousal movements were suppressed in the bilateral IT-Gent group (n = 9) compared to bilateral IT-Saline controls (n = 7, P < 0.0001) and in the unilateral IT-Gent group (n = 19) compared to unilateral IT-Saline controls (n = 10, P < 0.0001). Discussion The findings support the theory that inner ear dysfunction could be relevant in the pathophysiology of SIDS. The inner ear appears to play a key role in arousal from suffocating gas mixtures that has not been previously identified.

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Adaptation of ventilation to ‘buffeting’ in vehicles

Abstract: The cause of elevated respiratory frequency during buffeting could be due to mechanical action on the torso, vestibular-respiratory drive or a protective reinforcement of the torso.

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Respiratory vulnerability to vehicle buffeting

Respiratory vulnerability to vehicle buffeting

Effect of temporal relationship between respiration and body motion on motion sickness

Inner ear insult ablates the arousal response to hypoxia and hypercarbia

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