1978
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012582
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Adaptation to abrupt time shifts of the oscillator(s) controlling human circadian rhythms.

Abstract: SUMMARY1. Thirty-six subjects in an isolation unit were subjected to time shifts of 12 hr, or of 8 hr in either direction.2. The rhythms of body temperature and excretion of eight urinary constituents were studied before and after the shift, both on a usual nychthemeral routine and during 24 hr when they remained under constant conditions, awake, engaged in light, mainly sedentary activity, and consuming identical food and fluid every hour.3. The rhythms on nychthemeral routine were defined by fitting cosine c… Show more

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Cited by 277 publications
(120 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, sleep has been shown to be linked to the immune system (Kreuger et al, 1999), activating specific parts of the immune system during sleep. During sleep the body also conserves energy by decreasing the body temperature and metabolism (Mills et al, 1978). In addition, on a synaptic level in the cortex, sleep plays an important role in promoting synaptic downscaling and thereby enhancing learning and memory (Tononi & Cirelli, 2006).…”
Section: Sleepmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, sleep has been shown to be linked to the immune system (Kreuger et al, 1999), activating specific parts of the immune system during sleep. During sleep the body also conserves energy by decreasing the body temperature and metabolism (Mills et al, 1978). In addition, on a synaptic level in the cortex, sleep plays an important role in promoting synaptic downscaling and thereby enhancing learning and memory (Tononi & Cirelli, 2006).…”
Section: Sleepmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The CR protocol aims to minimize the effects of external time cues and behavioral variables by equally distributing such variables across the circadian cycle. Depending on individual experimental goals, it routinely demands constant wakefulness, limited physical activity, equally distributed isocaloric snacks or constant glucose infusion and constant dim light condition (Mills et al 1978). The FD protocol employs a strategy which schedules a behavioral cycle beyond the entrainable range of the circadian clock (i.e.…”
Section: Endocrine Rhythms: Clock Vs Behavioral Regulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Subjects stay in a semi-recumbent position. Hourly iso-caloric snacks provide a constant energy supply (Mills et al, 1978;Czeisler et al, 1985). Physiological circadian rhythms measured under these constant conditions are considered to reflect unmasked circadian pacemaker activity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%