Adaptation to local ultraviolet radiation conditions among neighbouring<i>Daphnia</i>populations

Miner, Brooks E.; Kerr, Benjamin

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1663

Cited by 19 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Indeed, no negative association was detected between UV tolerance and aggressiveness of the pathogen when a linear correlation analysis was conducted (Figure ), suggesting low or no fitness penalty to genotypes with higher UV tolerance. This result is consistent with some previous reports from other systems (Miner & Kerr, ). Though other explanations cannot be completely excluded, the adaptive strategies developed by the pathogen are likely to be the primary contribution to the current observation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Strategies of Phytophthora infestans adaptation to local UV radiation conditions

Wang

Shen

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Expected global changes in environmental conditions underline the need for a better understanding of genetic variation in ecological traits and their strategies of adaptation to the stresses. In this study, evolutionary mechanisms and processes of UV adaptation in plant pathogens were investigated by combining statistical genetics, physiological assays, and common garden experiment approaches in an assessment of the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, sampled from various geographic locations in China. We found spatial divergence caused by diversifying selection in UV tolerance among P. infestans populations. Local UV radiation was the driving force of selection as indicated by a positive correlation between UV tolerance in P. infestans populations and the altitude of collection sites. Plasticity accounted for 68% of population variation while heritability was negligible, suggesting temporary changes in gene expression and/or enzymatic activity play a more important role than permanent modification of gene structure in the evolution of UV adaptation. This adaptation strategy may explain the lack of fitness penalty observed in genotypes with higher UV tolerance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Strategies of Phytophthora infestans adaptation to local UV radiation conditions

Wang

Shen

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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“…In most other clearwater UVR habitats worldwide, Daphnia individuals exhibit high concentrations of photoprotective melanin pigmentation (Hebert & Emery ; Hessen ; Hansson et al . ; Scoville & Pfrender ), yet our D. melanica have minimal melanin content that does not vary among populations (Miner & Kerr ; Miner et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Ponds inhabited by D. melanica differ dramatically in transparency to UVR as a result of dissolved organic matter concentrations, and D.melanica from these ponds differ in their ability to survive under laboratory UVR. Daphnia genotypes from ponds with higher UVR transparency exhibit greater survival following laboratory UVR exposure, presumably due to adaptation to the UVR threat in their native pond (Miner & Kerr ). Because the ponds are shallow (<1.5 m maximum depth), Daphnia in the most transparent ponds cannot escape UVR by migrating to deeper water, and our measured differences among populations in laboratory UVR tolerance also cannot result from behavioural avoidance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence in DNA photorepair efficiency among genotypes from contrasting UV radiation environments in nature

et al. 2015

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Populations of organisms routinely face abiotic selection pressures, and a central goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of adaptive phenotypes. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is one of earth's most pervasive environmental stressors, potentially damaging DNA in any organism exposed to solar radiation. We explored mechanisms underlying differential survival following UVR exposure in genotypes of the water flea Daphnia melanica derived from natural ponds of differing UVR intensity. The UVR tolerance of a D. melanica genotype from a high-UVR habitat depended on the presence of visible and UV-A light wavelengths necessary for photoenzymatic repair of DNA damage, a repair pathway widely shared across the tree of life. We then measured the acquisition and repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, the primary form of UVR-caused DNA damage, in D. melanica DNA following experimental UVR exposure. We demonstrate that genotypes from high-UVR habitats repair DNA damage faster than genotypes from low-UVR habitats in the presence of visible and UV-A radiation necessary for photoenzymatic repair, but not in dark treatments. Because differences in repair rate only occurred in the presence of visible and UV-A radiation, we conclude that differing rates of DNA repair, and therefore differential UVR tolerance, are a consequence of variation in photoenzymatic repair efficiency. We then rule out a simple gene expression hypothesis for the molecular basis of differing repair efficiency, as expression of the CPD photolyase gene photorepair did not differ among D. melanica lineages, in both the presence and absence of UVR.

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“…An assessment of these contributions can be performed by comparing divergence between variation in phenotypic traits with that of genetic variation at neutral loci (Storz 2002; Raeymaekers et al 2007; Miner and Kerr 2011). In natural populations, phenotypic divergence between populations can be quantified as P ST (e.g., Leinonen et al 2006; Ramstad et al 2010), a phenotypic parallel to Q ST (Spitze 1993), where the expectation is that phenotypic divergence should be similar to divergence at neutral loci ( F ST ) if the traits are evolving neutrally and have an additive genetic basis (Wright 1951).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological speciation in postglacialEuropean whitefish: rapid adaptive radiations into the littoral, pelagic, and profundal lake habitats

Præbel

Knudsen

Siwertsson

et al. 2013

Ecology and Evolution

127

151

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Understanding how a monophyletic lineage of a species diverges into several adaptive forms has received increased attention in recent years, but the underlying mechanisms in this process are still under debate. Postglacial fishes are excellent model organisms for exploring this process, especially the initial stages of ecological speciation, as postglacial lakes represent replicated discrete environments with variation in available niches. Here, we combine data of niche utilization, trophic morphology, and 17 microsatellite loci to investigate the diversification process of three sympatric European whitefish morphs from three northern Fennoscandian lakes. The morphological divergence in the gill raker number among the whitefish morphs was related to the utilization of different trophic niches and was associated with reproductive isolation within and across lakes. The intralacustrine comparison of whitefish morphs showed that these systems represent two levels of adaptive divergence: (1) a consistent littoral–pelagic resource axis; and (2) a more variable littoral–profundal resource axis. The results also indicate that the profundal whitefish morph has diverged repeatedly from the ancestral littoral whitefish morph in sympatry in two different watercourses. In contrast, all the analyses performed revealed clustering of the pelagic whitefish morphs across lakes suggesting parallel postglacial immigration with the littoral whitefish morph into each lake. Finally, the analyses strongly suggested that the trophic adaptive trait, number of gill rakers, was under diversifying selection in the different whitefish morphs. Together, the results support a complex evolutionary scenario where ecological speciation acts, but where both allopatric (colonization history) and sympatric (within watercourse divergence) processes are involved.

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Adaptation to local ultraviolet radiation conditions among neighbouringDaphniapopulations

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

Strategies of Phytophthora infestans adaptation to local UV radiation conditions

Strategies of Phytophthora infestans adaptation to local UV radiation conditions

Divergence in DNA photorepair efficiency among genotypes from contrasting UV radiation environments in nature

Ecological speciation in postglacialEuropean whitefish: rapid adaptive radiations into the littoral, pelagic, and profundal lake habitats

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