Adaptation to Peripheral Flicker

Anstis, Stuart

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(96)00016-8

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These mechanisms include bipolar-cell processes (Brown andMasland 2001, Rieke 2001), ganglion-cell processes (Kim and Rieke 2001) and different processes for the on and off pathways (Chander and Chichilnisky 2001, Kim and Rieke 2001, Rieke 2001. Finally, it is important to point out that these adaptation mechanisms appear to be present in the human retina (Heinrich and Bach 2001) and to have perceptual correlates (Anstis 1996, DeMarco et al 1997, Freeman and Badcock 1999.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 95%

Sensory adaptation as Kalman filtering: theory and illustration with contrast adaptation

Grzywacz

Juan

2003

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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Sensory adaptation allows biological systems to adjust to variations in the environment. A recent theoretical work postulated that the goal of adaptation is to minimize errors in the performance of particular tasks. The proposed minimization was Bayesian and required prior knowledge of the environment and of the limitations of the mechanisms processing the information. One problem with that formulation is that the environment changes in time and the theory did not specify how to know what the current state of the environment is. Here, we extend that theory to estimate optimally the environmental state from the temporal stream of responses. We show that such optimal estimation is a generalized form of Kalman filtering. An application of this new Kalman-filtering framework is worked out for retinal contrast adaptation. It is shown that this application can account for surprising features of the data. For example, it accounts for the differences in responses to increases and decreases of mean contrasts in the environment. In addition, it accounts for the two-phase decay of contrast gain when the mean contrast in the environment rises suddenly. The success of this and related theories suggest that sensory adaptation is a form of constrained biological optimization.

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Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 95%

Sensory adaptation as Kalman filtering: theory and illustration with contrast adaptation

Grzywacz

Juan

2003

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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“…The attenuation of human flicker sensitivity, consequent to adaptation, is evident in both behavioral (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) and neural (9,23,24) response measures, but its frequency dependence has never been assessed systematically. Here we measure the reduction in flicker sensitivity after prolonged exposure, or adaptation, to both luminance and chromatic flicker across a wide range of frequencies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we pursue these questions through an experimental design that exploits, as a functional landmark, the known process of flicker adaptation, by which flicker sensitivity of an observer is attenuated after prolonged exposure to flickering lights (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The attenuation of human flicker sensitivity, consequent to adaptation, is evident in both behavioral (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) and neural (9,23,24) response measures, but its frequency dependence has never been assessed systematically.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation from invisible flicker

Shady

MacLeod

Fisher

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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Human ability to resolve temporal variation, or flicker, in the luminance (brightness) or chromaticity (color) of an image declines with increasing frequency and is limited, within the central visual field, to a critical flicker frequency of Ϸ50 and 25 Hz, respectively. Much remains unknown about the neural filtering that underlies this frequency-dependent attenuation of flicker sensitivity, most notably the number of filtering stages involved and their neural loci. Here we use the process of flicker adaptation, by which an observer's flicker sensitivity is attenuated after prolonged exposure to flickering lights, as a functional landmark. We show that flicker adaptation is more sensitive to high temporal frequencies than is conscious perception and that prolonged exposure to invisible flicker of either luminance or chromaticity, at frequencies above the respective critical flicker frequency, can compromise our visual sensitivity. This suggests that multiple filtering stages, distributed across retinal and cortical loci that straddle the locus for flicker adaptation, are involved in the neural filtering of high temporal frequencies by the human visual system.

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“…(2) A systematic adaptation to other characteristics of the stimulus apart from its luminance. The phenomenon of flicker-adaptation was investigated especially in psychophysical experiments [30,31]. Just like spatial contrast adaptation it is supposed to take place in retinal as well as in cortical structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transformed steady-state flash evoked potentials for continuous monitoring of visual pathway function

et al. 2007

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Monitoring of somatosensory, motor and auditory pathway function by evoked potentials is routine in surgery placing these pathways at risk. However, visual pathway function remains yet inaccessible to a reliable monitoring. For this study, a method of continuous recordings was developed and tested. Steady-state visual evoked potentials were elicited by flash stimulation at 16 Hz and analysed using discrete Fourier transform. Amplitude and phase of the fundamental response were dynamically averaged and continuously plotted in a trend graph. The method was applied on awake individuals with normal vision and on patients undergoing neurosurgery. In most individuals it was possible to continuously record significant responses. Surprisingly, characteristic time-courses of amplitude and phase were observed in several subjects. These findings were attributed mainly to flicker-adaptation. During anesthesia, amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio were markedly smaller. Signal recognition was facilitated when potentials were recorded with a subdural electrode placed directly at the occipital pole. The anesthetic agent propofol had a major impact on the recordings.

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Adaptation to Peripheral Flicker

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Sensory adaptation as Kalman filtering: theory and illustration with contrast adaptation

Sensory adaptation as Kalman filtering: theory and illustration with contrast adaptation

Adaptation from invisible flicker

Fourier transformed steady-state flash evoked potentials for continuous monitoring of visual pathway function

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