Adaptation to simultaneous warming and acidification carries a thermal tolerance cost in a marine copepod

deMayo, James A.; Girod, Amanda; Sasaki, Matthew; Dam, Hans G.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2021.0071

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Accordingly, a growing number of studies estimate how copepods adapt to higher temperature regimes and lower pH – the two primary stressors associated with global change in the sea (Brennan et al . 2021, 2022; deMayo et al . 2021; Sasaki & Dam 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For organisms with relatively short lifespans, predicting their capacity to adapt to global change requires an understanding of their evolutionary capacity to adapt to future conditions (Munday et al 2013;Kelly & Griffiths 2021). Accordingly, a growing number of studies estimate how copepods adapt to higher temperature regimes and lower pH -the two primary stressors associated with global change in the sea (Brennan et al 2021deMayo et al 2021;. While temperature and pH are undoubtedly important, they are not the only factors that will change in future oceans -food availability is likely to be dramatically different for copepods under future regimes (Fu et al 2016), and indeed is already changing (Capuzzo et al 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Copepod life history evolution under high and low food regimes

Blake

Marshall

2022

Preprint

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Copepods play a critical role in the carbon cycle of the planet - they mediate the sequestration of carbon into the deep ocean, and are the trophic link between phytoplankton and marine foodwebs. Global change stressors that decrease copepod productivity create the potential for catastrophic positive feedback loops. Accordingly, a growing list of studies examine the evolutionary capacity of copepods to adapt to the two primary stressors associated with global change: warmer temperatures and lower pH. But the evolutionary capacity of copepods to adapt to changing food regimes, the third major stressor associated with global change, remains unknown. We used experimental evolution to explore how a 10-fold difference in food availability affects life history evolution in the copepod, Tisbe sp. over two years, and spanning 30+ generations. Different food regimes evoked evolutionary responses across the entire copepod life history: we observed evolution in body size, size-fecundity relationships and offspring investment strategies. Our results suggest that changes to food regimes reshape life histories and that cryptic evolution in traits such as body size is likely. We demonstrate that evolution in response to changes in ocean productivity will alter consumer life histories, and may distort trophic links in marine foodchains. Evolution in response to changing phytoplankton productivity may alter the efficacy of the global carbon pump in ways that have not been anticipated until now.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Copepod life history evolution under high and low food regimes

Blake

Marshall

2022

Preprint

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“…Our observed patterns for A. hudsonica contrast with A. tonsa, which shows a loss of plasticity following adaptation to OWA [24,25] and consistent selection on offspring production [23]. The differences in plasticity maintenance could result from the contrasting responses to selection driven by the complex effects of OW and OA on either copepod species in later generations (antagonistic for A. tonsa and synergistic for A. hudsonica ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The locally adapted tropical genotype should outcompete foreign invaders in its tropical environment, as should the polar genotype [31,34,35]. But maladaptive mechanisms may persist [28,31], resulting in costs like we previously observed [24,25] that keep populations from achieving maximum fitness. Adaptation costs arise when genotypes experience reduced fitness in non-native environments [31,34,35] or when the selection pressure leading to adaptation is relaxed [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous warming and acidification limit population fitness and reveal phenotype costs for a marine copepod

deMayo,

Brennan,

Pespeni

et al. 2023

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptation allow populations to cope with global change, but limits and costs to adaptation under multiple stressors are insufficiently understood. We reared a foundational copepod species, Acartia hudsonica , under ambient (AM), ocean warming (OW), ocean acidification (OA), and combined ocean warming and acidification (OWA) conditions for 11 generations (approx. 1 year) and measured population fitness (net reproductive rate) derived from six life-history traits (egg production, hatching success, survival, development time, body size and sex ratio). Copepods under OW and OWA exhibited an initial approximately 40% fitness decline relative to AM, but fully recovered within four generations, consistent with an adaptive response and demonstrating synergy between stressors. At generation 11, however, fitness was approximately 24% lower for OWA compared with the AM lineage, consistent with the cost of producing OWA-adapted phenotypes. Fitness of the OWA lineage was not affected by reversal to AM or low food environments, indicating sustained phenotypic plasticity. These results mimic those of a congener, Acartia tonsa , while additionally suggesting that synergistic effects of simultaneous stressors exert costs that limit fitness recovery but can sustain plasticity. Thus, even when closely related species experience similar stressors, species-specific costs shape their unique adaptive responses.

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“…The hypothesis was supported by genotype dynamics across the experimental evolution ( see below). Other approaches, such as reciprocal transplant experiments, could further measure the costs of adaptation, as seen in other recent evolution experiments with zooplankton (deMayo et al 2021; Brennan et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward and reverse evolution of multivariate responses to cyanobacteria in experimental waterflea populations

Zhang

Jiang

2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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Studies of rapid evolution under changing environments are important for understanding the evolutionary fate of populations and the future of biodiversity. We used experimental evolution to test whether the presence of toxic cyanobacteria and its subsequent removal could lead to rapid forward and reverse genetic changes in multiple traits of the zooplankter Ceriodaphnia cornuta. In the forward selection experiment, the covariant pattern in multivariate trait space provided strong evidence of adaptive evolution in multiple traits at two selection levels, in the presence of toxic cyanobacteria. The C. cornuta population under high selection pressure showed higher tolerance than those under low selection pressure. The total trait change generated through evolutionary responses (constitutive evolution and evolution of plasticity) ranged from 0.2% to 32.2%, depending on the trait and selection level. After the relaxation of selection, almost all evolved traits were restored to their original state when the C. cornuta population were fed pure green algae. That is, the toxin‐tolerant phenotypes were culled off from the population in the absence of the selection pressure, suggesting a heavy cost of maintaining tolerance. The genotype dynamics indicated that asymmetric intraspecific competition may be the main force driving the rapid reverse evolution. These results suggest that the change in cyanobacteria biomass, from proliferation to decline, resulted in rapid forward and reverse evolution of multivariate phenotypic responses in the freshwater zooplankton grazer C. cornuta.

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Adaptation to simultaneous warming and acidification carries a thermal tolerance cost in a marine copepod

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

Copepod life history evolution under high and low food regimes

Copepod life history evolution under high and low food regimes

Simultaneous warming and acidification limit population fitness and reveal phenotype costs for a marine copepod

Forward and reverse evolution of multivariate responses to cyanobacteria in experimental waterflea populations

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