Adaptations and alterations of maternal microbiota: From physiology to pathology

Zhou, Yibei; Qi, Hongbo; Yin, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.medmic.2021.100045

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Yet immunological modifications also affect the microbial makeup; for example, an increase in IL-15 might decrease the number of butyrate-producing bacteria [ 17 ]. Adaptations of the maternal gut, vaginal, and oral microbiome during different times of healthy pregnancies are distinguishable due to changes in the microenvironment of different body locations and features during the several trimesters [ 18 ]. The modifications in the microorganisms that occur during a healthy pregnancy promote adaptation to the physiological circumstances of pregnancy, which are notably distinct from disease states.…”

Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Current Molecular Techniques and Evidence in Assessing Microbiome in Placenta-Related Health and Disorders in Pregnancy

Stupak

Kwaśniewski

2023

Biomolecules

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The microbiome is of great interest due to its potential influence on the occurrence and treatment of some human illnesses. It may be regarded as disruptions to the delicate equilibrium that humans ordinarily maintain with their microorganisms or the microbiota in their environment. The focus of this review is on the methodologies and current understanding of the functional microbiome in pregnancy outcomes. We present how novel techniques bring new insights to the contemporary field of maternal–fetal medicine with a critical analysis. The maternal microbiome in late pregnancy has been extensively studied, although data on maternal microbial changes during the first trimester are rare. Research has demonstrated that, in healthy pregnancies, the origin of the placental microbiota is oral (gut) rather than vaginal. Implantation, placental development, and maternal adaptation to pregnancy are complex processes in which fetal and maternal cells interact. Microbiome dysbiosis or microbial metabolites are rising as potential moderators of antenatal illnesses related to the placenta, such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and others, including gestational diabetes and preterm deliveries. However, because of the presence of antimicrobial components, it is likely that the bacteria identified in placental tissue are (fragments of) bacteria that have been destroyed by the placenta’s immune cells. Using genomic techniques (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics), it may be possible to predict some properties of a microorganism’s genome and the biochemical (epigenetic DNA modification) and physical components of the placenta as its environment. Despite the results described in this review, this subject needs further research on some major and crucial aspects. The phases of an in utero translocation of the maternal gut microbiota to the fetus should be explored. With a predictive knowledge of the impacts of the disturbance on microbial communities that influence human health and the environment, genomics may hold the answer to the development of novel therapies for the health of pregnant women.

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Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Current Molecular Techniques and Evidence in Assessing Microbiome in Placenta-Related Health and Disorders in Pregnancy

Stupak

Kwaśniewski

2023

Biomolecules

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“…Dynamic and complex changes in the microbiota can be attributed to the host’s physiological and pathological states, especially immunity, inflammation, metabolic environment, etc. In recent years, many systemic and multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease, have been shown to be associated with abnormal microbial communities, a term dysbiosis [ 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A healthy pregnancy is a complex physiological process, accompanied by coordinated responses from multiple organ systems, including weight gain, decreased blood pressure and immune tolerance, and increased hormone levels (progesterone, estradiol, prolactin), as well as IL-6, fibrinogen, and clotting factors VII-X [ 37 ].…”

Section: Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the Fetus Limit Antibiotic Treatment in Pregnant Patients with COVID-19?

Ramírez-Lozada¹,

Loranca-García

Fuentes-Venado

et al. 2022

Antibiotics

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During pregnancy, there is a state of immune tolerance that predisposes them to viral infection, causing maternal-fetal vulnerability to the adverse effects of COVID-19. Bacterial coinfections significantly increase the mortality rate for COVID-19. However, it is known that all drugs, including antibiotics, will enter the fetal circulation in a variable degree despite the role of the placenta as a protective barrier and can cause teratogenesis or other malformations depending on the timing of exposure to the drug. Also, it is important to consider the impact of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics during pregnancy can alter both the maternal and fetal-neonatal microbiota, generating future repercussions in both. In the present study, the literature for treating bacterial coinfections in pregnant women with COVID-19 is reviewed. In turn, we present the findings in 50 pregnant women hospitalized diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 without previous treatment with antibiotics; moreover, a bacteriological culture of sample types was performed. Seven pregnant women had coinfection with Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli ESBL +, biotype 1 and 2, Acinetobacter jahnsonii, Enterococcus faecium, and Clostridium difficile. When performing the antibiogram, resistance to multiple drugs was found, such as macrolides, aminoglycosides, sulfa, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, beta-lactams, etc. The purpose of this study was to generate more scientific evidence on the better use of antibiotics in these patients. Because of this, it is important to perform an antibiogram to prevent abuse of empirical antibiotic treatment with antibiotics in pregnant women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Briefly, the microbiota, formerly known as “microbial flora”, is the community of microorganisms resident in specific body niches [ 44 ] whose dysregulation in composition and/or diversity, hence dysbiosis, may affect or be responsible for local and distant diseases [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], cancers included. The microbiota of the oral cavity changes by age, sex, and lifestyle [ 49 , 50 , 51 ] and varies according to local and systemic factors [ 52 , 53 , 54 ] and diseases [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Lastly, the role of chronic fungal superinfections is responsible for the detrimental conditions of oncologic patients, thus being a relevant risk factor for OSCC-related morbidity as well a risk factor for cancerogenesis itself [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalized Medicine in Oral Oncology: Imaging Methods and Biological Markers to Support Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Narrative Literature Review

Menditti,

Santagata,

Imola

et al. 2023

JPM

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For decades, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been one of the most prevalent and mortal cancers worldwide. The gold standard for OSCC diagnosis is still histopathology but this narrative multidisciplinary review has the aim to explore the literature about conventional OSCC prognostic indicators related to the pTNM stage at the diagnosis such as the depth of invasion and the lymphovascular invasion associated with distant metastasis as indicators of poor life expectancy. Despite its multifactorial nature and recognizable precursors, its diagnosis at the early stages is still challenging. We wanted to highlight the importance of the screening as a primary weapon that a stomatologist should consider, intercepting all at-risk conditions and lesions associated with OSCC and its early stages. This narrative review also overviews the most promising imaging techniques, such as CT, MRI, and US-echography, and their application related to clinical and surgical practice, but also the most-investigated prognostic and diagnostic tissue and salivary biomarkers helpful in OSCC diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Our work highlighted remarkable potential biomarkers that could have a leading role in the future. However, we are still far from defining an appropriate and concrete protocol to apply in clinical practice. The hope is that the present and future research will overcome these limitations to benefit patients, clinicians, and welfare.

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Adaptations and alterations of maternal microbiota: From physiology to pathology

Cited by 5 publications

References 121 publications

Evaluating Current Molecular Techniques and Evidence in Assessing Microbiome in Placenta-Related Health and Disorders in Pregnancy

Evaluating Current Molecular Techniques and Evidence in Assessing Microbiome in Placenta-Related Health and Disorders in Pregnancy

Does the Fetus Limit Antibiotic Treatment in Pregnant Patients with COVID-19?

Personalized Medicine in Oral Oncology: Imaging Methods and Biological Markers to Support Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Narrative Literature Review

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