Adaptations and phenotypic plasticity in developmental traits of Marshallagia marshalli

Aleuy, O. Alejandro; Hoberg, Eric P.; Paquette, Chelsey; Ruckstuhl, Kathreen E.; Kutz, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.05.007

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The technique used by Aleuy et al . (2019) was used to extract M. marshalli eggs from the faeces. A plastic container was used to mix 10 g of faeces obtained from at least five animals and the resulting mixture was representative of the egg sample of the host population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained slurry underwent centrifugation process for 10 min at 400 g. The same 63-μm sieve was used to collect the eggs. Distilled water was used to wash the eggs off the sieves, and they were stored in a plastic petri dish (Aleuy et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dissecting microscope was used to identify M . marshalli eggs under 30–40× magnification and the identified eggs were placed in a separate dish (Aleuy et al ., 2019). Compared to strongyles eggs, it was easier to distinguish M .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicities of the copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles onMarshallagia marshalli(Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): evidence on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and egg hatchability

et al. 2021

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This study investigated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) against Marshallagia marshalli. The in vitro study was based on an egg hatch assay, adult and larvae motility inhibition assays, DNA damage, intensity protein profile along with several oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), protein carbonylation (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and nitric oxide (NO) content. Different concentrations of CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs (1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 ppm) were used to assess anthelmintic effects on three stages of M. marshalli life cycle – that is, eggs, larvae and adult parasites for 24 h. The results indicated that CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs played a significant role as anthelminthics, and the effect was dependent on time and concentration. The concentrations of 12 and 16 ppm of CuO-NPs and 16 ppm of ZnO-NPs resulted in the induction of oxidative/nitrosative stress (decreased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and increased MDA, PCO and NO), increased DNA damage, inhibition of adult and larval motility, egg hatch and low intensity of protein bands following sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, compared to control. It was concluded that CuO-NPs and ZnO-NPs could be utilized as novel and potential agents for the control and treatment of M. marshalli infection, and they have the pharmacological potential to be studied in vivo for further utilization in treating parasitic infections.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicities of the copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles onMarshallagia marshalli(Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): evidence on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and egg hatchability

et al. 2021

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“…Morphological differences in parasites might be driven only by phenotypic plasticity, only by genetic differences or by a combination of the above (Catalano et al., 2015). A few recent studies have shown the role of environmental conditions and not genetic identity in driving morphological differences in parasites, and this phenotypic plasticity is likely adaptive (Aleuy et al., 2019; Searle et al., 2015).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic homogeneity coupled with morphometric variability suggests high phenotypic plasticity in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall and Bravo, 2000), infecting farmed salmon (Salmo salar) along a wide latitudinal range in southern Chile

González

Leiva

Sepúlveda

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi is the most important pathogen causing “caligidosis” in the Chilean salmon industry. In this study, using cox1 gene, we evaluate the genetic variation of C. rogercresseyi from farmed Salmo salar along a latitudinal range (40°–52°S) in south Chile to determine whether morphological differences are explained by genetic or environmental factors. Female parasites were randomly collected from S. salar at five farms. Body variation was examined using multivariate analyses and genetic heterogeneity was explored with AMOVA. C. rogercresseyi exhibited significant morphometric variability among sites and parasites collected from >54°S were the longest ones. Parasites did not show genetic structure among farms. Thus, C. rogercresseyi infesting salmons is panmictic along an extensive latitudinal range in south Chile. The same genetic pattern can be explained by the frequent movement of parasitized S. salar among farms in that region. Phenotypic plasticity in parasites could be explained by natural or aquaculture‐mediated environment variability. C. rogercreseyi from 54°S could favor the local spread of this disease, suggesting an immediate health risk for the recent salmon industry in that region. Further research is required to confirm genetic homogeneity of this parasite along its geographical distribution using more powerful markers (e.g. SNPs).

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“…However, predictions may have been different for other species. For instance, Marshallagia spp., although not found in our samples, is common in Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra and Alpine ibex Capra ibex across the European Alps, mainly during the winter (71), and differs in response to temperature (72). Therefore, further studies taking advantage of molecular approaches such as nemabiome ( 73) would be beneficial to identify specific parasites and their host distribution, enabling species-specific predictions to be made.…”

Section: Predicting Pasture Infectivity Over Time and Identifying Climatic Drivers Of Predicted Infection Pressurementioning

confidence: 74%

Predicting Parasite Dynamics in Mixed-Use Trans-Himalayan Pastures to Underpin Management of Cross-Transmission Between Livestock and Bharal

et al. 2021

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The complexities of multi-use landscapes require sophisticated approaches to addressing disease transmission risks. We explored gastro-intestinal nematode (GINs) infections in the North India Trans-Himalayas through a socio-ecological lens, integrating parasite transmission modelling with field surveys and local knowledge, and evaluated the likely effectiveness of potential interventions. Bharal (blue sheep; Pseudois nayaur), a native wild herbivore, and livestock share pasture year-round and livestock commonly show signs of GINs infection. While both wild and domestic ungulates had GINs infections, egg counts indicated significantly higher parasite burdens in bharal than livestock. However, due to higher livestock densities, they contributed more to the total count of eggs and infective larvae on pasture. Herders also reported health issues in their sheep and goats consistent with parasite infections. Model simulations suggested that pasture infectivity in this system is governed by historical pasture use and gradually accumulated larval development during the summer, with no distinct short-term flashpoints for transmission. The most effective intervention was consequently predicted to be early-season parasite suppression in livestock using temperature in spring as a cue. A 1-month pause in egg output from livestock could lead to a reduction in total annual availability of infective larvae on pasture of 76%, potentially benefitting the health of both livestock and bharal. Modelling suggested that climate change over the past 33 years has led to no overall change in GINs transmission potential, but an increase in the relative influence of temperature over precipitation in driving pasture infectivity. Our study provides a transferable multi-pronged approach to investigating disease transmission, in order to support herders' livelihoods and conserve wild ungulates.

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Adaptations and phenotypic plasticity in developmental traits of Marshallagia marshalli

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Toxicities of the copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles onMarshallagia marshalli(Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): evidence on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and egg hatchability

Toxicities of the copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles onMarshallagia marshalli(Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae): evidence on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and egg hatchability

Genetic homogeneity coupled with morphometric variability suggests high phenotypic plasticity in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall and Bravo, 2000), infecting farmed salmon (Salmo salar) along a wide latitudinal range in southern Chile

Predicting Parasite Dynamics in Mixed-Use Trans-Himalayan Pastures to Underpin Management of Cross-Transmission Between Livestock and Bharal

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