Adaptations for scotopic vision in the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris)

Cohen, Joel L.

doi:10.1002/jez.1402560511

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It would be par-ticularly interesting to examine the spectral sensitivity of juveniles and adults of a single species that occurs in different habitats since changes in habitat have been shown to shift visual pigment complements in one shark species (Cohen 1990). The determination of the spectral sensitivity of other visual predators such as tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) and bonefish (Albula vulpes) that share the same habitat as the bonnethead would prove interesting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Resolution and Spectral Sensitivity of the Visual System of Three Coastal Shark Species from Different Light Environments

McComb

Frank²,

Hueter³

et al. 2010

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Visual temporal resolution and scotopic spectral sensitivity of three coastal shark species (bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo, scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini, and blacknose shark Carcharhinus acronotus) were investigated by electroretinogram. Temporal resolution was quantified under photopic and scotopic conditions using response waveform dynamics and maximum critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF). Photopic CFF max was significantly higher than scotopic CFF max in all species. The bonnethead had the shortest photoreceptor response latency time (23.5 ms) and the highest CFF max (31 Hz), suggesting that its eyes are adapted for a bright photic environment. In contrast, the blacknose had the longest response latency time (34.8 ms) and lowest CFF max (16 Hz), indicating its eyes are adapted for a dimmer environment or nocturnal lifestyle. Scotopic spectral sensitivity revealed maximum peaks (480 nm) in the bonnethead and blacknose sharks that correlated with environmental spectra measured during twilight, which is a biologically relevant period of heightened predation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Resolution and Spectral Sensitivity of the Visual System of Three Coastal Shark Species from Different Light Environments

McComb

Frank²,

Hueter³

et al. 2010

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…In a recent study of 21 elasmobranch species, differences in olfactory morphology resulted out of functional rather than evolutionary adaptations, that is, bentho-pelagic sharks and rays possessed significantly larger sensory olfactory epithelia than benthic species . Lifestyle and behavior of juveniles and adults can also vary considerably within the same species, and consequently sensory systems like olfaction may play different roles throughout the development (Pankhurst and Lythgoe, 1982;Cohen, 1990;Simpfendorfer and Milward, 1993;Kotraschal et al, 1998;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of olfaction throughout juvenile development: Functional adaptations in elasmobranchs

Schluessel

Bennett

Bleckmann

et al. 2009

Journal of Morphology

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Seven elasmobranch species, a group known for their highly-developed sense of smell, were examined for developmental changes in the number of olfactory lamellae, the size of the surface area of the sensory olfactory epithelium and the mass of both the olfactory rosettes (primary input to the CNS), and the olfactory bulbs. Within each species, juveniles possessed miniature versions of the adult olfactory organs, visually not distinguishable from these and without any obvious structural differences (e.g., with respect to the number of lamellae and the extent of secondary folding) between differently sized individuals. The size of the olfactory organs was positively correlated with body length and body mass, although few species showed proportional size scaling. In Aetobatus narinari and Aptychotrema rostrata, olfactory structures increased in proportion to body size. With respect to the growth of the olfactory bulb, all species showed allometric but not proportional growth. Olfaction may be of particular importance to juveniles in general, which are often subjected to heavy predation rates and fierce inter/intraspecific competition. Accordingly, it would be advantageous to possess a fully functional olfactory system early on in development. Slow growth rates of olfactory structures could then be attributed to a greater reliance on other sensory systems with increasing age or simply be regarded as maintaining an already optimized olfactory system.

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“…For example, changes to the spectral sensitivity of pollack Pollachius pollachius (L. 1758) occur when juveniles move from shallow water where they are planktivorous to deeper water where their diet consists mainly of small fishes and crustaceans (Shand et al , 1988). There are also several other examples including brown trout Salmo trutta L. 1758 (Bowmaker & Kunz, 1987), lemon shark Negaprion breviostris Poey 1868 (Cohen, 1990), goatfish Upeneus tragula Richardson 1846 (Shand, 1993), white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Richardson 1836 (Loew & Sillman, 1993), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus sp., Beaudet et al , 1993) and black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro 1949) (Shand et al , 2002). The timing of these changes to spectral sensitivity varies between individuals (Shand et al , 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual acuity of snapper Pagrus auratus: effect of size and spectral composition

Robinson

Jerrett

Black

et al. 2011

Journal of Fish Biology

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Visual acuity of the commercially important sparid Pagrus auratus was tested using the optomotor response. Juvenile fish were categorized by size as group 1 (50 g), group 2 (100 g), group 3 (150 g), group 4 (300 g), group 5 (500 g) and group 6 (800 g). Group 3 fish demonstrated excellent visual acuity (minimum separable angle, M(SA), 1°), which was improved compared with the smaller fish groups (groups 1 and 2, M(SA), 2°). In the larger fish groups, however, a reduction in visual acuity was observed (groups 4, 5 and 6 M(SA), 4°). Group 2 (100 g) fish displayed positive optomotor responses in long wavelength light (red) but reduced responses in short wavelengths (blue). Red light sensitivity is beneficial for the estuarine lifestyle of these fish, where light is predominantly at long wavelengths. In contrast, group 6 (800 g) fish displayed improved acuity in blue and green light and reduced acuity in red light. Fish of this size move away from the estuary to open oceans, where light is predominantly in the shorter wavelengths (blue-green). These results support the sensitivity hypothesis for the relationship between fish visual systems and the light environment they inhabit.

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Adaptations for scotopic vision in the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris)

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Temporal Resolution and Spectral Sensitivity of the Visual System of Three Coastal Shark Species from Different Light Environments

Temporal Resolution and Spectral Sensitivity of the Visual System of Three Coastal Shark Species from Different Light Environments

The role of olfaction throughout juvenile development: Functional adaptations in elasmobranchs

Visual acuity of snapper Pagrus auratus: effect of size and spectral composition

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