Adaptations of enchytraeids to single and combined effects of physical and chemical stressors

Abstract

16Climate changes are expected to be greatest in the polar and temperate areas, where 17 predictions points to an increase in freeze-thaw events, change in precipitation, evaporation 18 and salinity patterns. These events will therefore affect biological activity of the soil 19 compartment that may result in large impacts in ecosystem functioning and dynamics 20 therein. This concern becomes even more important when considering the presence of 21 contaminants due to intense anthropogenic activity, which may lead to synergistic or 22 a reduction in abundance may result in disturbances of the decomposition processes in 34 soils. The knowledge of the biological, physiological and biochemical limits of 35 enchytraeids to combined effect of physical and chemical stressors are crucial in order to 36 provide a scientific basis for improving the setting of safety factors when extrapolating 37 from controlled (and optimal) laboratory conditions to natural soil ecosystems. Therefore, 38 there is a need to expand and evolve experiments that more realistically mimic the situation 39 Page 2 of 54 Environ. Rev. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by University of Otago on 10/05/15 For personal use only. This Just-IN manuscript is the accepted manuscript prior to copy editing and page composition. It may differ from the final official version of record. in the field, where interactions between factors are highly relevant. The 40 synergistic/antagonistic interactions identified in the present review may also represent a 41 stepping-stone in the evaluation and possible inclusion of natural factors, like cold and 42 salinity, in standardized enchytraeid test guidelines and consequently in risk assessment of 43 chemicals.44

Effects of Organic Pesticides on Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) in Agroecosystems: Laboratory and Higher-Tier Tests

“…Finally, interactions between pesticide use and changing environmental conditions (in particular, temperature and soil moisture) in the context of Global Climate Change, could be important. Actually, based on studies with E. albidus and nonylphenol (included in some fungicide formulations), Silva et al (2016) recommended to include environmental factors such as salinization in standard test procedures. Surely, such modifications should be investigated more intensively.…”

Evaluation of life-history traits in Folsomia candida exposed to combined repeated mild heat shocks with phenanthrene

“…Soil organisms often experience climatic stressors (e.g. heat stress) and environmental contaminants simultaneously (Beaumelle et al 2021;Holmstrup et al 2010;Silva et al 2016). Thus, it is important to understand the combined effects of multiple stressors on living organisms.…”