Adaptations to Concurrent Training in Combination with High Protein Availability: A Comparative Trial in Healthy, Recreationally Active Men

Abstract

BackgroundWe implemented a high-protein diet (2 g·kg−1·d−1) throughout 12 weeks of concurrent exercise training to determine whether interferences to adaptation in muscle hypertrophy, strength and power could be attenuated compared to resistance training alone.MethodsThirty-two recreationally active males (age: 25 ± 5 years, body mass index: 24 ± 3 kg·m−2; mean ± SD) performed 12 weeks of either isolated resistance (RES; n = 10) or endurance (END; n = 10) training (three sessions·w−1), or concurrent resistance and endurance (CET; n = 12) training (six sessions·w−1). Maximal strength (1RM), body composition and power were assessed pre- and post-intervention.ResultsLeg press 1RM increased ~ 24 ± 13% and ~ 33 ± 16% in CET and RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups. Total lean mass increased ~ 4% in both CET and RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001). Ultrasound estimated vastus lateralis volume increased ~ 15% in CET and ~ 11% in RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups. Wingate peak power relative to body mass displayed a trend (P = 0.053) to be greater in RES (12.5 ± 1.6 W·kg BM−1) than both CET (10.8 ± 1.7 W·kg BM−1) and END (10.9 ± 1.8 W·kg BM−1) at POST. Absolute VO2peak increased 6.9% in CET and 12% in END from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.05), with no difference between groups.ConclusionDespite high protein availability, select measures of anaerobic power-based adaptations, but not muscle strength or hypertrophy, appear susceptible to ‘interference effects’ with CET and should be closely monitored throughout training macro-cycles.Trials Registry: This trial was registered with the Australian-New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001229369).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s40279-018-0999-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Influence of Specific Collagen Peptides and Concurrent Training on Cardiometabolic Parameters and Performance Indices in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…With regard to the interference effect, these results are in line with an earlier meta-analysis regarding simultaneous strength and running endurance training (40). There is an ongoing debate whether the anabolic process can be further enhanced by protein supplementation following a CT (15,75,85). Although the data situation is not clear, the interference effect is generally explained by a changed balance between muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein degradation, which are induced by antagonistic signaling pathways of anabolic and endurance stimuli on a molecular level (86).…”

Development of Maximal Dynamic Strength During Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Training in Untrained, Moderately Trained, and Trained Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Seven studies involved untrained individuals [ 11 – 14 , 21 – 23 ], 10 studies involved moderately trained individuals [ 3 , 5 , 10 , 15 , 16 , 38 – 41 , 45 ], and 10 studies involved trained individuals [ 4 , 6 , 8 , 24 , 25 , 35 , 36 , 42 – 44 ]. The corresponding authors of 16 studies were contacted [ 3 – 6 , 14 – 16 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 36 , 38 – 42 ] for clarification or missing information via e-mail, of whom five responded with additional information [ 5 , 15 , 16 , 36 , 39 ]. In two of the included studies, it was not clear in which form the variation (SD and SEM) was reported.…”

“…In six of the included studies, information regarding the rest and work durations during intervals was missing. As the authors did not respond with additional information, the endurance duration per session was estimated through scientific reasoning based on the distance that was covered during the endurance training and comparisons with other similar studies [ 4 , 6 , 24 , 25 , 39 , 44 ]. The length of the studies ranged from 6 to 21 weeks.…”

“…RT: Same as below DS E + RT 3 30 9 CT2 E: Same as above. RT: Same as below DS RT + E 3 30 9 RT RT: 3–4 * 6–12 RM of LP, KE, LG, LC 9 Shamim et al [ 39 ] CT E: 4–13 × 10–630 s on and 40–240 s off bike @ 25–110% of MAP. RT: Same as below DS N/A 3 42ª 12 RT RT: 3–5 × 2–16 rep @ 60–98% of 1RM or to failure of KE, LP 12 Silva et al [ 45 ] CT1 E: 25–30 min run @ 95% of VT2.…”

Protein Supplementation Does Not Augment Adaptations to Endurance Exercise Training

“…This type of endurance exercise was included in the exercise training program, as this is a standard component of contemporary endurance exercise training programs. Recently, such an endurance exercise program has been shown to increase leg LM after 12 wk of training (23). In agreement with the benefits of protein supplementation during resistance exercise training (13), our results suggest that protein supplementation has the potential to further increase the gains in LM induced by endurance exercise training (small to moderate effect size in favor of protein).…”