Adaptations with Intermittent Exercise Training in Post- and Premenopausal Women

Seidelin, Kåre; Nyberg, Michael; Piil, Peter; Jørgensen, Niklas Rye; Hellsten, Ylva; Bangsbo, Jens

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001071

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Computation of YYIE1 test global means, SDs and quantiles (Figure 5) involved 12 studies/subgroups reporting on 770 participants (median age = 21.3 years, IQR = 18.8–44.3 years) (Metaxas et al, 2005; Castagna et al, 2006a; Lategan et al, 2011; Rowan et al, 2012; Deliceoglu, 2013; Mohr et al, 2014; Akashi et al, 2015; Fløtum et al, 2016; Julian et al, 2017; Krustrup et al, 2017; Seidelin et al, 2017). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

Schmitz¹,

Pfeifer²,

Kreitz³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Although Yo-Yo intermittent tests are frequently used in a variety of sports and research studies to determine physical fitness, no structured reference exists for comparison and rating of test results. This systematic review of the most common Yo-Yo tests aimed to provide reference values for test results by statistical aggregation of published data.Methods: A systematic literature search for articles published until August 2017 was performed in MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar. Original reports on healthy females and males ≥16 years were eligible for the analysis. Sub-maximal test versions and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Children's test (YYIR1C) were not included.Results: 248 studies with 9,440 participants were included in the structured analysis. The Yo-Yo test types most frequently used were the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (YYIR1, 57.7%), the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 2 (YYIR2, 28.0%), the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 2 (YYIE2, 11.4%), and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 1 (YYIE1, 2.9%) test. For each separate test, reference values (global means and percentiles) for sports at different levels and both genders were calculated.Conclusions: Our analysis provides evidence that Yo-Yo intermittent tests reference values differ with respect to the type and level of sport performed.The presented results may be used by practitioners, trainers and athletes to rate Yo-Yo intermittent test performance levels and monitor training effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

Schmitz¹,

Pfeifer²,

Kreitz³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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“…; Seidelin et al . ). Here we propose that greater improvements in vascular function may be achieved in women if training is initiated in middle age, soon after menopause, as opposed to many years (5–10 years) after menopause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Regular exercise training is clearly beneficial for men at all ages and numerous studies have shown that men up to very old age profit from training in terms of vascular and cardiac function (Schmidt et al 2014;Vorup et al 2017). In women at older age, however, there are limited and conflicting data on a positive effect of exercise training on cardiac (Spina et al 1993;Egelund et al 2017) and vascular function (Pierce et al 2011a;Moreau et al 2013;Nyberg et al 2016;Seidelin et al 2017). Here we propose that greater improvements in vascular function may be achieved in women if training is initiated in middle age, soon after menopause, as opposed to many years (5-10 years) after menopause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The exercise timing hypothesis: can exercise training compensate for the reduction in blood vessel function after menopause if timed right?

Gliemann

Hellsten

2019

The Journal of Physiology

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As women enter menopause at mid‐life, oestrogen production ceases and its many beneficial effects on cardiovascular health are lost whereby the age‐related risk of cardiovascular disease is accelerated. Oestrogen acts via oestrogen receptors and can activate the oestrogen response element leading to upregulation of a number of proteins of importance for vascular health, including the vasodilator and anti‐atherogenic enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiogenic factors. Hormone replacement therapy can to some extent counteract the loss of oestrogen although studies have shown that such treatment may only be effective if initiated soon after menopause, the so‐called timing hypothesis. An attractive alternative to hormone therapy is regular physical activity, as it is known that exercise induces many of the same cardiovascular health protective effects as oestrogen. Nevertheless, results from studies on the effect of physical activity on vascular function and cardiovascular health are inconsistent, with some studies showing a lack of effect of a physical activity programme and others showing a beneficial effect. The reason for this divergence is unclear but here we explore whether there may be a timing aspect also for exercise training, the exercise timing hypothesis, in which initiation of exercise interventions soon after menopause may be more effective than initiation many years after. The possibility that oestrogen‐related receptor‐α and oxidative stress may play a role in such a timing effect is discussed.

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“…,b) and skeletal muscle performance (Seidelin et al . ) than low to moderate intensity training (Pierce et al . ; Moreau et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg vascular and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic high‐intensity exercise training are enhanced in the early postmenopausal phase

Nyberg

Egelund

Mandrup

et al. 2017

The Journal of Physiology

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Exercise training leads to favourable adaptations within skeletal muscle; however, this effect of exercise training may be blunted in postmenopausal women as a result of the loss of oestrogens. Furthermore, postmenopausal women may have an impaired vascular response to acute exercise. We examined the haemodynamic response to acute exercise in matched pre- and postmenopausal women before and after 12 weeks of aerobic high intensity exercise training. Twenty premenopausal and 16 early postmenopausal (mean ± SEM: 3.1 ± 0.5 years after final menstrual period) women only separated by 4 years of age (mean ± SEM: 50 ± 0 years vs. 54 ± 1 years) were included. Before training, leg blood flow, O delivery, O uptake and lactate release during knee-extensor exercise were similar in pre- and postmenopausal women. Exercise training reduced (P < 0.05) leg blood flow, O delivery, O uptake, lactate release, blood pressure and heart rate during the same absolute workloads in postmenopausal women. These effects were not detected in premenopausal women. Quadriceps muscle protein contents of mitochondrial complex II, III and IV; endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); cyclooxygenase (COX)-1; COX-2; and oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) were increased (P < 0.05) with training in postmenopausal women, whereas only the levels of mitochondrial complex V, eNOS and COX-2 were increased (P < 0.05) in premenopausal women. These findings demonstrate that vascular and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic high intensity exercise training are more pronounced in recent post- compared to premenopausal women, possibly as an effect of enhanced ERRα signalling. Also, the hyperaemic response to acute exercise appears to be preserved in the early postmenopausal phase.

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Adaptations with Intermittent Exercise Training in Post- and Premenopausal Women

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

The exercise timing hypothesis: can exercise training compensate for the reduction in blood vessel function after menopause if timed right?

Leg vascular and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations to aerobic high‐intensity exercise training are enhanced in the early postmenopausal phase

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