ADAPTER: Analysing and developing adaptability and performance in teams to enhance resilience

Beek, D. van der; Schraagen, Jan Maarten

doi:10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.019

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Other researchers (Heese et al 2014;Herrera et al 2015;Van der Beek and Schraagen 2015;Woods et al 2014) have looked at other properties than knowledge to assess the resilience of an STS. They strongly based their research on two fundamental theories: the four cornerstones of Hollnagel (2009) and the stress-strain theory of Woods and Wreathall (2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Team reflection makes resilience-related knowledge explicit through collaborative sensemaking: observation study at a rail post

Siegel

Schraagen

2017

Cogn Tech Work

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Resilience is defined as the ability to adaptively deal with system boundaries in the face of the unexpected and unforeseen (Branlat and Woods in AAAI Fall Sympoisum, 2010. http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/FSS/ FSS10/paper/viewPaper/2238). We hypothesize that drawing upon resilience-related knowledge is a prerequisite for such adaptivity. This paper proposes team reflection (Ellis et al. in Curr Dir Psychol Sci 23(1):67-72, 2014) as a macrocognitive function to make the resilience-related knowledge explicit. This knowledge is implicitly available with individual team members active at the sharp end but is never explicitly shared due to invisibility of goal-relevant constraints. To overcome this invisibility, we suggest an application that makes changes in the current rail sociotechnical system visible in terms of the three system boundaries, a variation of the originally proposed by Rasmussen (Saf Sci 27(2/3):183-213, 1997): safety, performance and workload. This allows a team of rail signallers to analyse movements towards system boundaries and share knowledge on these movements. An observational study at a rail control post was conducted to assess the value of team reflection in making resilience-related knowledge explicit. For this purpose, we developed a first prototype of the application concerning the performance boundary only. Using naturalistic observations of a team during a week, we observed how they reflected at the end of their shift on salient system changes. A global content analysis was used to show the relevance of the content to resilience and to test the increase in the resilience-related knowledge throughout the observation period. A specific case of a human approaching the rail tracks, as a potential suicide, was analysed in detail. The results show the value of team reflection on system movements towards their boundaries, thus making goal-relevant constrained knowledge explicit within the operational rail environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Team reflection makes resilience-related knowledge explicit through collaborative sensemaking: observation study at a rail post

Siegel

Schraagen

2017

Cogn Tech Work

Self Cite

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“…Furthermore, the degree to which an entity shows robustness is often dependent on their response to a stress event. An entity must find some sort of response or adjustment (i.e., adaptation) that will enable it to stop its downward trajectory of decline and enable it to return to baseline levels of functioning on an outcome (Burke, Stagl, Salas, Pierce, & Kendall, 2006;Jones, 1991;Masten, 2014;van der Beek & Schraagen, 2015). 3…”

Section: Component 3: Degree Of Departure From the Baseline (Robustness)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common issue in much of the resilience literature is how to measure or quantify resilience. Past research on resilience has typically focused on measuring capacities to show resilience or other indirect proxies of resilience, which are often subjective assessments (Britt et al, 2016;Estrada et al, 2016;Jacelon, 1997;Tusaie & Dyer, 2004). However, directly measuring the resilience process in response to a stress event has received little attention.…”

Section: Measuring Resilience With the Area Of Resilience To Stress Ementioning

confidence: 99%

The Area of Resilience to Stress Event ({ARSE}): A New Method for Quantifying the Process of Resilience

Ratcliff¹,

Nair²,

Goldstein³

2019

TQMP

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Research on resilience has been wide-ranging in terms of academic disciplines, outcomes of interest, and levels of analysis. However, given the broad nature of the resilience literature, resilience has been a difficult construct to assess and measure. In the current article, a new method for directly quantifying the resilience process across time is presented based on a foundational conceptual definition derived from the existing resilience literature. The Area of Resilience to Stress Event (ARSE) method utilizes the area created, across time, from deviations of a given baseline following a stress event (i.e., area under the curve). Using an accompanying R package ('arse') to calculate ARSE, this approach allows researchers a new method of examining resilience for any number of variables of interest. A step-by-step tutorial for this new method is also described in an appendix.

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“…The authors propose a conceptual model for explaining pilot performance in surprising and startling situations; a model that can be used to design experiments and training simulations. However, several of the reviewed papers discuss training that is aimed at enhancing resilience (Bergström, 2012;Grøtan & van der Vorm, 2015;van der Beek & Schraagen, 2015). Siegel & Schraagen (2017), describe processes and HMI tools to make boundaries explicit in railway operations.…”

Section: Topics Partly Covered In the Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensemaking and resilience in safety-critical situations: A literature review

Kilskar¹,

Danielsen²,

Johnsen³

2018

Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World

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Recent accidents and near-accidents, such as the capsizing of the anchor handling vessel Bourbon Dolphin in 2007 and the unintended list of the drilling rig Scarabeo 8 in 2012, underline the need for addressing sensemaking in safety-critical situations within the maritime domain. This paper is a literature review to answer the research question: What are the characteristics of sensemaking and resilience in safety-critical situations? The aim was to establish more knowledge on sensemaking in safety-critical situations and the relationship between sensemaking and resilience. The majority of authors provide definitions based on Weick's work on sensemaking, describing sensemaking as a social process, involving the extracting of cues and enactment to create meaning to events retrospectively. Few authors provide descriptions that characterise sensemaking in safetycritical situations. There is a lack of literature regarding sensemaking in safety-critical situations in the maritime domain that addresses the issues of training and human-machine interactions.

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ADAPTER: Analysing and developing adaptability and performance in teams to enhance resilience

Cited by 55 publications

References 30 publications

Team reflection makes resilience-related knowledge explicit through collaborative sensemaking: observation study at a rail post

Team reflection makes resilience-related knowledge explicit through collaborative sensemaking: observation study at a rail post

The Area of Resilience to Stress Event ({ARSE}): A New Method for Quantifying the Process of Resilience

Sensemaking and resilience in safety-critical situations: A literature review

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