Adapting forest health assessments to changing perspectives on threats—a case example from Sweden

Methodology to assess and map the potential development of forest ecosystems exposed to climate change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition: A pilot study in Germany

“…The databases used allow the quantifying of intervals of indicator values as reference for site-specific evaluations of ecosystem integrity. Considering other investigations that aim to analyse ecosystem integrity (Andreasen et al, 2001;Balvanera et al, 2006;Cairns, 1977;Carignan and Villard, 2002;EEA, 2012;Egoh et al, 2012;Faber-Langendoen et al, 2012a,b;EU, 2014;Petter et al, 2013;Stoll et al, 2015;Tierney et al, 2009;Vose et al, 2012;Wulff et al, 2012), the mapping and analysis of ecosystem types across space and time in combination with ecosystem type-/site-specific reference intervals for functional and structural indicators broadens and deepens ecosystem integrity assessments. Climate change and N deposition are significant driving forces shifting ecosystems toward modified or even completely changed states.…”

“…2012; Wulff et al, 2012). Simpson et al (2014) were able to show that climate and emission changes impact nitrogen (N) deposition.…”

Improving the precision of sample-based forest damage inventories through two-phase sampling and post-stratification using remotely sensed auxiliary information

“…From a forest management perspective, it is crucial to efficiently identify the threats in order to mitigate negative effects (Carnegie 2008). Hence, the demand for information about forest health and forest damage is increasing (Wulff et al 2012).…”

“…In Sweden, an important method of tracking forest damage is through reports by private persons or forestry officers to the SkogsSkada system (Wulff et al 2012). Increased reporting of forest damage may be the first sign of severe damage outbreaks, and thus, additional information may be required for damage mitigation.…”

“…Increased reporting of forest damage may be the first sign of severe damage outbreaks, and thus, additional information may be required for damage mitigation. There may be a need to know the extent of the damaged area, to estimate the affected volume or share of damaged trees for managerial decisions, or to gain insight into the factors contributing to the outbreak in order to provide recommendations to forest owners (Wulff et al 2012).…”