Adaptive and Behavioral Development in Children with Down Syndrome at School Age with Special Emphasis on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Ornoy, Asher; Rihtman, Tanya; Parush, Shula

doi:10.5772/17455

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, the current findings are consistent with the findings of several other studies that have failed to find a gender difference or association with age within children with DS and co‐occurring ADHD (Ornoy et al . 2011; Edvardson et al . 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study, 29% of the sample of children with DS scored above the threshold suggestive of ADHD based on parent report, while 26% of children with DS scored above the threshold based on teacher report (Ornoy et al . 2011). Together, these findings suggest that individuals with DS exhibit relatively high rates of ADHD‐related symptoms and that ADHD may be underdiagnosed and subject to diagnostic overshadowing (attributing ADHD symptoms to the intellectual disability phenotype seen with DS) in this population (Reiss and Szyszko 1983; Capone et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co‐occurring medical and behavioural conditions in children with Down syndrome with or without ADHD symptom presentation

Esbensen

Vincent

Epstein

et al. 2021

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background Co‐occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a challenge to characterise in the presence of other medical conditions commonly present in children with Down syndrome (DS). The current study examined differences among children with DS with or without ADHD symptomatology in terms of demographics, developmental level, co‐occurring medical conditions, and parent and teacher ratings of behaviour and executive functioning. Methods Parents and teachers of 108 school‐age children with DS provided ratings of ADHD symptoms, behaviour problems and executive functioning skills. Children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation, as identified by a scoring algorithm, were compared with those without ADHD symptom presentation on demographic characteristics, developmental level, co‐occurring medical conditions and parent‐report and teacher‐report measures of behaviours and executive functioning. Results Sleep disorders, disruptive behaviour disorder, allergies and seizures were more common in children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation than in children without ADHD symptom presentation. After controlling for ADHD medication use, children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation had poorer performance than those without ADHD symptom presentation on parent behaviour ratings, teacher behaviour ratings and parent but not teacher ratings of executive functioning. No significant group differences in demographic characteristics or developmental level were identified. Conclusions Higher rates of co‐occurring medical conditions present in children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation support the need for thorough differential diagnoses. The different pattern of group differences between parent‐report and teacher‐report has implications for diagnostic practices across settings as well as for treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐occurring medical and behavioural conditions in children with Down syndrome with or without ADHD symptom presentation

Esbensen

Vincent

Epstein

et al. 2021

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…Earlier studies reported that the stigma of DS can isolate both the children with DS and their families, [ 51 ] mostly due to the people's prejudices about the inappropriate behaviors and slower cognitive development of these children. [ 52 ] However, the efforts of our participants in teaching socially appropriate behavioral skills and facilitating their social interactions helped them decrease problems related to the stigma. Phillips et al investigated parenting styles among the mothers of children with DS and reported that such mothers in comparison with those of normally developed children used less authoritative and reasoning styles, and verbal aggressiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping strategies adopted by Iranian families of children with Down syndrome

2020

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Down syndrome (DS) is the leading cause of intellectual disability. Previous quantitative studies have examined the effects of DS on families of children with DS. This study explored the coping strategies adopted by the families of children with DS. This was a qualitative content analysis study, in which the participants were selected using purposive sampling from the families of children with DS. Semi-structured interviews were performed and collected data were analyzed. A total of 20 family members (10 mothers, 6 fathers, 2 brothers, and 2 sisters) were interviewed. Six categories were extracted in this study, namely “searching for information,” “paying attention to children's healthcare needs,” “concentration on spirituality,” “teaching socially appropriate behavioral skills,” “efforts to increase self-reliance in children,” and “development of family support circle.” The participating families were able to use positive adaptive mechanisms and cope well with the problems associated with having a child with DS. However, they still needed more support from healthcare providers and support organizations. Receiving more support from healthcare providers, such as nurses, can help them in better management of their children.

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“…Furthermore, serotonin receptor 5-HT3D, which was unambiguously identified, has never before been indicated as a component of the D1 receptor complex. Indeed, the mental deficits and behavioral changes observed in male and female patients with DS are different (Maatta et al 2006;Asher et al 2011). In the central box the receptor D3DR and in the lower box receptors D4DR, D1BDR, 5HT 3D , cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunits alpha and beta were identified by mass spectrometry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced cortical neurotransmitter receptor complex levels in fetal Down syndrome brain

et al. 2015

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In this study, cortical receptor complex levels were determined in fetal Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) brain. Frontal cortices were obtained from individuals with DS (19th-22nd week of gestation) and controls. Membrane proteins were extracted, assayed on blue native gels and immunoblotted with brain receptor antibodies. Levels of a D1R-containing complex were markedly decreased in male and female cortices of DS individuals. Females with DS had significant reductions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α4 and α7, NMDA receptor GluN1 and AMPA receptor GluA1- and GluA3-containing receptor complexes. Levels of other brain receptor complexes (5-hydroxytryptamine 1A, GluA2 and GluR4 receptor-containing complexes) were comparable between the groups of females. Levels of GluA2- and GluA3-containing complexes were significantly increased in males. Decreased levels of D1R complexes in both sexes, along with the significant reduction of α4, α7-containing receptor complexes observed in females, may explain the brain deficits and impaired cognition observed in DS.

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Adaptive and Behavioral Development in Children with Down Syndrome at School Age with Special Emphasis on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Co‐occurring medical and behavioural conditions in children with Down syndrome with or without ADHD symptom presentation

Co‐occurring medical and behavioural conditions in children with Down syndrome with or without ADHD symptom presentation

Coping strategies adopted by Iranian families of children with Down syndrome

Reduced cortical neurotransmitter receptor complex levels in fetal Down syndrome brain

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