Adaptive and Remote Thermoregulation Enabled with a Highly Stable Transparent Flexible Heating Film

Abstract

Precise and remote control in thermoregulation is essential in intelligent life. Heating films with appropriate electrical, optical, and mechanical properties are key components of thermal control systems for versatile applications. Here, we demonstrate an adaptive thermoregulation remote collaborative platform using a highly transparent and stable flexible passivated silver nanowire (AgNW) electrothermal film. The perfluorinated polymeric sulfonic acid passivation of the AgNW network can inactivate the film to possess superior stability of continuous heating operation (42 °C, 48 h) and high optical transmittance in the visible region (>85%, 4 months) under ambient conditions, as well as a weld nanowire junction for efficient and tunable thermal emission with low operating voltage (20–100 °C, <6 V). By further integrating the heater with a remote negative feedback adaptive control circuit, this system can realize wireless rapid precision temperature control (<1 °C), effective energy utilization with a power saving of ∼34%, and adaptive regulatory stability against external interference. Utilizing the intelligent heater as a tint film has reliable capability of antifog and snow/ice removal, showing great potential in smart homes, automotive electronics, and smart agriculture.

Enhancing the Optical Response Speed of Thermochromic Paper Displays by Heat Exchange Manipulation of Invisible Heaters

“…Transparent conductive materials have been the research focus for many years. The representative silver nanowire (AgNW) films agree well with the fast thermal change and low power consumption needs of invisible paper heaters due to their high transparence, low sheet resistance, excellent flexibility, and simple processing . Besides, the ease in tuning the nanowire coverage for electrical and heat-transfer control benefits the design and convenient use of paper displays under various customer conditions (e.g., certain driving voltages, working temperature, or power consumption).…”

“…The representative silver nanowire (AgNW) films agree well with the fast thermal change and low power consumption needs of invisible paper heaters due to their high transparence, low sheet resistance, excellent flexibility, and simple processing. 18 Besides, the ease in tuning the nanowire coverage for electrical and heat-transfer control 19 benefits the design and convenient use of paper displays under various customer conditions (e.g., certain driving voltages, working temperature, or power consumption). The film formation technique of AgNWs on rigid and most flexible substrates is becoming more and more mature; however, studies on the substrate of paper, the commonly used material, are limited.…”