Adaptive Beamforming for mmWave 5G MIMO Antennas

Abstract

The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and beamforming are effective methods for spatial diversity realization. Various algorithm already exists for implementing these methods. This paper explore the performance of least mean square algorithm (LMS) beamforming algorithm. This adaptive beamforming algorithm investigates receiver signal processing method that continuously monitor, calculate and update the weights in a continuously changing electromagnetic environment. Several optimization algorithms are studied, and a comparison of the least mean-squared algorithm and the minimum variance distortionless response is investigated with varying parameters (i.e. number of antenna element, element spacing etc.) using analytical method and Matlab simulation. It would be demonstrated through simulation that LMS algorithm increases signal quality by elimination interfering signals and noise by nulling them, while sending maximum signal (beams) to the desired direction.

Hybrid mmWave-Li-Fi 5G Architecture for Reconfigurable Variable Latency and Data Rate Communications

“…Despite the increase in the capabilities of the autonomous functions of vehicles in the last decade, it is more apparent than ever that a more connected approachin which data are shared effectively between vehicles and/or infrastructureis needed. By conglomerating raw compute performance and massive information available among individual vehicles and infrastructure, a true capability-based autonomous operation of vehicles will be achieved [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…However, it has a promising potential as a stop-gap solution for sub-optimal conditions for RF-based technologies. Hence, a hybrid multiple input multiple output (MIMO) beamformed mmWave-Li-Fi 5G communication is a holy grail for autonomous vehicular communication use case and/or applications [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna Architecture for Multiband 5G Adaptive Beamforming Applications

“…In present and future wireless communication technology, high data rate, high SNR, high signal integrity and high bandwidth are essentially the ultimate goal of a communication system network. These characteristic performances decrease as the number of users in a communication system network increases [2]. To address these challenges, 5G technologies are being implemented and is expected to provide a significant increase usage of the present communication system.…”

“…The use of beamforming technique considerably improves the channel propagation characteristics as well as the coverage area since the antenna array signals are combined at the transceiver in mmWave application. [1,2]. The formation of the antenna beam pattern using digital signal processor (DSP) is known as digital beamforming [13], referred to as adaptive beamforming when adaptive algorithms are used.…”

“…It is used to adjust the beamforming vector weights to form narrow beams of accurate directivity in order to optimize performance according to required criteria [12,13]. Such optimization criteria could be to minimize variance, minimize the mean square error (MSE), nulling interfering signal, steering toward signal of interest or tracking an emitter [2,14].…”