With the continuous improvement of the aesthetic quality of the modern society, the demand for fashion is rapidly growing, and more and more users are beginning to experience the independent design and customization of fashion clothing. The development and progress of digital and intelligent technologies provide opportunities to address the challenges of interactive artificial intelligence in clothing graphic design processes. Therefore, this article studies interactive artificial intelligence systems using image detail enhancement algorithms and analyzes their application in clothing graphic design. Firstly, using adaptive configuration and detail enhancement algorithms to improve image quality and improve the matching effect of feature points, and conducting experiments on the improvement index and global contrast index through evaluation indicators to examine the feasibility of the algorithm proposed in this paper; Secondly, the clothing graphic design algorithm was studied, and the feature database samples were tested using the clothing graphic design algorithm to demonstrate the relationship between classification accuracy and the number of cycles; Finally, construct an interactive artificial intelligence system, study the application of interactive artificial intelligence systems in clothing graphic design, and propose a clothing pattern communication platform. Further proves that interactive artificial intelligence systems based on image detail enhancement algorithms have high application value in clothing graphic design.