Adaptive constructive processes and the future of memory.

Schacter, Daniel L.

doi:10.1037/a0029869

Cited by 340 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…As future thoughts rely more heavily on schema (Berntsen & Bohn, 2010;Rubin, 2014), they may contain regularities which are more rehearsed. On the other hand, due to being more goal salient (see Cole & Berntsen, 2015;Schacter, 2012), involuntary future projections could more likely be based on uncompleted goals than involuntary memories. Under this view, rehearsal is important in goal maintenance and completion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducing involuntary and voluntary mental time travel using a laboratory paradigm

2015

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Although involuntary past and future mental time travel (MTT) has been examined outside the laboratory in diary studies, MTT has primarily been studied in the context of laboratory studies using voluntary construction tasks. In this study, we adapted and extended a paradigm previously used to elicit involuntary and voluntary memories (Schlagman & Kvavilashvili in Memory & Cognition, 36, 920-932, 2008). Our aim was -for the first time -to examine involuntary and voluntary future MTT under controlled laboratory conditions. The involuntary task involved a monotonous task that included potential cues for involuntary MTT. Temporal direction was manipulated between participants whereas retrieval mode was manipulated within participants. We replicated robust past-future differences, such as the future positivity bias. Additionally, we replicated key voluntary-involuntary differences: Involuntary future representations had similar characteristics as involuntary memories in that they were elicited faster, were more specific, and garnered more emotional impact than their voluntary counterparts. We also found that the future and past involuntary MTT led to both positive and negative mood impact, and that the valence of the impact was associated with the emotional valence of the event. This study advances scientific understanding of involuntary future representations in healthy populations and validates a laboratory paradigm that can be flexibly and systematically utilized to explore different characteristics of voluntary and involuntary MTT, which has not been possible within naturalistic paradigms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducing involuntary and voluntary mental time travel using a laboratory paradigm

2015

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“…The mental construction of past and future personal events can, in turn, contribute to the development, expression, and maintenance of a dynamic self (Bruner, 1990;McAdams, 2006;Wang, 2001Wang, , 2013. Although evidence for the effect of self on autobiographical memory is abundant (e.g., Libby & Eibach, 2002;Wang, 2004;Woike, Gershkovich, Piorkowski, & Polo, 1999), only a handful of studies to date have examined the role of self in the construction of future events (D'Argembeau & Mathy, 2011;Shao, Yao, Ceci, & Wang, 2010), a process that is considered to be intimately linked to memory (Schacter, 2012). Developmental research on this topic is virtually absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How will things be the next time? Self in the construction of future events among school-aged children

Wang

Koh

2015

Consciousness and Cognition

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This study examined among school-aged children the role of the self in perceived valence changes from the past to the future. Nine- to 11-year-old children (N=57) recalled positive and negative personal events of various situations and imagined a future personal event involving the same situation following each recall. Children's self-knowledge was assessed in terms of self-concepts for past, present, and future selves, and self-evaluations for social and cognitive competences. Children who viewed their future selves more positively and those who evaluated their cognitive competence more positively anticipated greater upward (positive) changes and smaller downward (negative) changes in their future academic performance. Children who evaluated their social competence more positively anticipated greater upward changes in their future peer relations. Furthermore, children who anticipated greater upward changes and smaller downward changes in their personal futures exhibited greater well-being. These findings shed new light on the role of self in mental time travel.

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“…Others have pointed out the spontaneous and inward-directed nature of task-unrelated mental activities such that they involve the "automatic activation of a personally relevant, but task-unrelated, goal has temporarily drawn our attention away from the primary task" (Smallwood and Schooler, 2006). Moreover, the fact that we now have abundant evidence to show that there is a substantial overlap between the neural networks and information processing mechanisms associated with such undirected or spontaneous facets of imagination and directed or deliberate facets of imagination (Schacter, 2012a;Smallwood et al, 2011;Stawarczyk and D'Argembeau, 2015) is indicative of the necessity to consider both sides of imagination in relation to one another.…”

Section: Why Do We Need To Consider the Imagination As A Whole?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The imaginative mind

Abraham

2016

Human Brain Mapping

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The astounding capacity for the human imagination to be engaged across a wide range of contexts is limitless and fundamental to our day‐to‐day experiences. Although processes of imagination are central to human psychological function, they rarely occupy center stage in academic discourse or empirical study within psychological and neuroscientific realms. The aim of this paper is to tackle this imbalance by drawing together the multitudinous facets of imagination within a common framework. The processes fall into one of five categories depending on whether they are characterized as involving perceptual/motor related mental imagery, intentionality or recollective processing, novel combinatorial or generative processing, exceptional phenomenology in the aesthetic response, or altered psychological states which range from commonplace to dysfunctional. These proposed categories are defined on the basis of theoretical ideas from philosophy as well as empirical evidence from neuroscience. By synthesizing the findings across these domains of imagination, this novel five‐part or quinquepartite classification of the human imagination aids in systematizing, and thereby abets, our understanding of the workings and neural foundations of the human imagination. It would serve as a blueprint to direct further advances in the field of imagination while also promoting crosstalk with reference to stimulus‐oriented facets of information processing. A biologically and ecologically valid psychology is one that seeks to explain fundamental aspects of human nature. Given the ubiquitous nature of the imaginative operations in our daily lives, there can be little doubt that these quintessential aspects of the mind should be central to the discussion. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4197–4211, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Adaptive constructive processes and the future of memory.

Cited by 340 publications

References 105 publications

Inducing involuntary and voluntary mental time travel using a laboratory paradigm

Inducing involuntary and voluntary mental time travel using a laboratory paradigm

How will things be the next time? Self in the construction of future events among school-aged children

The imaginative mind

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