“…Not only that research, but all the above-mentioned research works ignore the uncertainty in supplying materials and product demand (Zeballos, Méndez, Barbosa-Povoa, & Novais, 2014), the number of returned products (Salema, Barbosa-Povoa, & Novais, 2007), exchange rates (S. Li & Wang, 2010), economic instability (Kwak, Rodrigues, Mason, Pettit, & Beresford, 2018), political instability (Ras & Vermeulen, 2009), and changes in the regulatory environment (Sink & Langley Jr, 1997). However, uncertainty is more crucial in the context of CLSC (Saraeian, Shirazi, & Motameni, 2019). Accordingly, Goh, Lim, and Meng (2007) presented a multiechelon stochastic model to maximize a GSCs profit, while minimizing the risk of uncertainty in supply, demand, exchange, and disruption.…”