Adaptive differentiation of thermotolerance in Drosophila along a microclimatic gradient

Rashkovetsky, Eugenia; Iliadi, Konstantin G.; Michalak, Pawel; Lupu, Achsa; Nevo, Eviatar; Feder, Martin E.; Korol, Abraham B.

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800784

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…These tests included flies sampled from EC in 1997-2004. The outcomes were in line with other studies in many respects: an inverse correlation between survival and heat-shock temperature, male-female differences in thermotolerance, and inducible thermotolerance (33). Slope, sex, year of collection, duration of heat shock, and pretreatment all affected the survival.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Slope, sex, year of collection, duration of heat shock, and pretreatment all affected the survival. In the vast majority of the SFS-NFS comparisons across years, SFS flies consistently exceeded NFS flies in basal and inducible thermotolerance after diverse heat shocks, no matter whether isofemale lines (34), synthetic populations, or inbred lines (33) were analyzed. The results on fresh and laboratory stocks suggest that interslope difference in thermotolerance is genetically based.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drosophila flies in “Evolution Canyon” as a model for incipient sympatric speciation

Korol

Rashkovetsky

Iliadi

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The genetic basis of population divergence leading to adaptive radiation and speciation is a major unresolved problem of evolutionary biology. Molecular elucidation of ''speciation genes'' advanced recently, yet it remains without clear identification of the gene complexes participating in reproductive isolation between natural populations, particularly, in sympatry. Genetic divergence was discovered between Drosophila melanogaster populations inhabiting ecologically contrasting, opposite slopes in ''Evolution Canyon'' (EC), Mt. Carmel, Israel. Interslope migration of flies is easy and verified. Nevertheless, significant interslope D. melanogaster population divergence was established at EC involving habitat choice, mate choice, thermal and drought tolerances, adaptive genes, and mobile elements. Parallel patterns of stress tolerance, habitat choice, and mate choice were demonstrated in Drosophila simulans at EC, although on a smaller scale. However, some tests for interslope genetic differentiation in Drosophila, derived from the opposite EC slopes, gave somewhat controversial results. Here we present new empirical data on interslope genetic divergence of Drosophila at EC, and summarize previous supporting and controversial results. We suggest that Drosophila populations at EC represent a rare example, demonstrating how selection overrides migration, and propose an ad hoc ecological model of incipient sympatric divergence.genetic divergence ͉ incipient differentiation ͉ natural populations ͉ sympatric evolution

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila flies in “Evolution Canyon” as a model for incipient sympatric speciation

Korol

Rashkovetsky

Iliadi

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The results of D. melanogaster consistently resembled other studies: an inverse relationship between survival and heat-shock temperature, male-female differences in thermotolerance, and inducible thermotolerance (46,49). Females oviposited in the laboratory at temperatures following their origin at EC I (49).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“Evolution Canyon,” a potential microscale monitor of global warming across life

Nevo

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Climatic change and stress is a major driving force of evolution. The effects of climate change on living organisms have been shown primarily on regional and global scales. Here I propose the "Evolution Canyon" (EC) microscale model as a potential life monitor of global warming in Israel and the rest of the world. The EC model reveals evolution in action at a microscale involving biodiversity divergence, adaptation, and incipient sympatric speciation across life from viruses and bacteria through fungi, plants, and animals. The EC consists of two abutting slopes separated, on average, by 200 m. The tropical, xeric, savannoid, "African" south-facing slope (AS = SFS) abuts the forested "European" north-facing slope (ES = NFS). The AS receives 200-800% higher solar radiation than the ES. The ES represents the south European forested maquis. The AS and ES exhibit drought and shade stress, respectively. Major adaptations on the AS are because of solar radiation, heat, and drought, whereas those on the ES relate to light stress and photosynthesis. Preliminary evidence suggests the extinction of some European species on the ES and AS. In Drosophila, a 10-fold higher migration was recorded in 2003 from the AS to ES. I advance some predictions that could be followed in diverse species in EC. The EC microclimatic model is optimal to track global warming at a microscale across life from viruses and bacteria to mammals in Israel, and in additional ECs across the planet.climate and evolution | species extinction | climate impact | adaptive response | natural selection C limate variation and change are major abiotic stresses driving life's evolution (1-22). Parmesan and Yohe (9), analyzing results for 1,700 species, showed that recent biological trends match climate-change predictions. Global meta-analyses documented significant range shifts averaging 6.1 km per decade northward (or 6.1 m per decade upward) and significant mean advancement of spring events by 2.3 d per decade. A significant globally coherent fingerprint of climate change across natural systems was identified for 289 species (9). Parmesan (7) reviewed evidence of climate change indicating that climate change is already affecting living systems in diverse perspectives, including phenological changes, species interactions, range shifts, contractions and abundance, elevation shifts, marine communities' shifts, pest and disease shifts, tree-line patterns, extinctions, and evolutionary genetic and plasticity changes. New concerns have been raised about the ability of the earth's biodiversity of plants and animals to maintain a viable foothold on the planet if temperatures continue to rise. (See ref. 21 for an alternative point of view). In a recent review on global warming, during the last three decades in wild cereals, the progenitors of cultivated wheat and barley showed earliness in flowering time and in genetic changes (22) and global decline in cultivars' crops (19). Rapid range shifts of species are associated with high levels of climate warming, shifting to ...

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“…This could highlight the importance of ecological stress in evolution and its remarkable effect on the genetic system (Grishkan et al 2003). For instance, strong interslope differentiation for a complex of adaptive traits of Drosophila was found, including physiological and behavioral traits as well as different rates of mutation and recombination Korol et al 2000;Iliadi et al 2001;Michalak et al 2001;Lupu et al 2004;Singh et al 2005;Zamorzaeva et al 2005;Rashkovetsky et al 2006). This remarkable differentiation has evolved in spite of the small interslope distance.…”

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confidence: 97%

Molecular-Genetic Biodiversity in a Natural Population of the YeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeFrom “Evolution Canyon”: Microsatellite Polymorphism, Ploidy and Controversial Sexual Status

et al. 2006

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The yeast S. cerevisiae is a central model organism in eukaryotic cell studies and a major component in many food and biotechnological industrial processes. However, the wide knowledge regarding genetics and molecular biology of S. cerevisiae is based on an extremely narrow range of strains. Studies of natural populations of S. cerevisiae, not associated with human activities or industrial fermentation environments, are very few. We isolated a panel of S. cerevisiae strains from a natural microsite, ''Evolution Canyon'' at Mount Carmel, Israel, and studied their genomic biodiversity. Analysis of 19 microsatellite loci revealed high allelic diversity and variation in ploidy level across the panel, from diploids to tetraploids, confirmed by flow cytometry. No significant differences were found in the level of microsatellite variation between strains derived from the major localities or microniches, whereas strains of different ploidy showed low similarity in allele content. Maximum genetic diversity was observed among diploids and minimum among triploids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clonal, rather than sexual, structure of the triploid and tetraploid subpopulations. Viability tests in tetrad analysis also suggest that clonal reproduction may predominate in the polyploid subpopulations.

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Adaptive differentiation of thermotolerance in Drosophila along a microclimatic gradient

Cited by 44 publications

References 50 publications

Drosophila flies in “Evolution Canyon” as a model for incipient sympatric speciation

Drosophila flies in “Evolution Canyon” as a model for incipient sympatric speciation

“Evolution Canyon,” a potential microscale monitor of global warming across life

Molecular-Genetic Biodiversity in a Natural Population of the YeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeFrom “Evolution Canyon”: Microsatellite Polymorphism, Ploidy and Controversial Sexual Status

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