“…However, most of the papers found in the literature regarding truss optimization using metaheuristics focused on one or two of these aspects. Indeed, metaheuristic algorithms have been extensively applied to the size optimization of trusses such as Goldberg and Samtani (1986), Adeli and Kamal (1991), and Rajeev and Krishnamoorthy (1992), Bland (2001), Lee et al (2005), Kaveh and Talatahari (2009a), Kaveh and Talatahari (2009b), Sonmez (2011), , Sadollaha et al (2015), Kaveh and Mahdavi (2014), , Degertekin (2012), Degertekin and Hayalioglu (2013), Zhanga et al (2014), Hasançebi and Kazemzadeh Azad (2014), Kazemzadeh Azad and Hasançebi (2015a), Hasançebi and Kazemzadeh Azad (2015), to name just a few.…”