Adaptive Distance Protection for Transmission Lines Incorporating SSSC With Energy Storage Device

Abstract

A Static Synchronous Series Compensator incorporating energy storage device (SSSC-ES) at the DC bus enables the exchange of true power with the system in addition to line reactance compensation. This facilitates improved control of real and reactive power in a transmission system. However, the fourquadrant operation of SSSC presents additional problems for the accurate operation of conventional transmission line protection. In this paper, an in-depth analysis of the effect of emulated reactance and resistance by SSSC-ES installed at the center of a hybrid series compensated line on the performance of distance relay is carried out. An investigation is performed with all possible operating modes and control strategies of SSSC-ES, and the possibility of mal-operation of distance protection are explored. A novel adaptive setting based on constant reactance and constant resistance emulation control strategy of SSSC is proposed for quadrilateral distance relay to prevent the mal-operation. MATLAB / SIMULINK is used for the simulation study.

Enhancing Loadability of Transmission Lines Using Static Synchronous Series Compensator Devices: A Case Study of the Syrian Network

“…It is evident that, among the three algorithms compared, the minimum achievable active power loss value is achieved by the PSO algorithm. The optimal solution, determined by the PSO algorithm and comprising the quantity (10) and capacity (1200 kVar) of the SSSC units, clearly demonstrates its efficacy in optimizing performance and facilitating efficient energy transmission (enhancing loadability) within the Syrian electrical network. For instance, the power flow analysis reveals that electrical losses, totaling 7.64% without compensation, are notably reduced to 3.65% through the proposed solution of optimal size and allocation of the SSSCs.…”

“…The utilization of the SSSC is observed as a means of implementing serial compensation for power flow control and reactive power compensation in transmission lines. The SSSC is characterized by a synchronous voltage source driven by electronic switches, coupled with a transformer that is serially linked with a transmission line [9][10][11]. Within the framework of the SSSC, an almost sinusoidal voltage with varying in magnitude in quadrature with the current within the line is injected into a transmission line in a series configuration, effectively emulating either an inductive or capacitive reactance integration in series with the transmission line [9,12].…”

Challenges and opportunities of FACTS devices interacting with electric vehicles in distribution networks: A technological review

“…Using phasor graphs, P-Q graphs, and simulated waveforms, the study describes the IPFC's core theory and operational parameters [109]. The effect of simulated reactance and resistance by SSSC including energy storage device (SSSC-ES) mounted at the center of a hybrid series compensated line on the effectiveness of distance relay is investigated in depth in this study [110]. We proposed in this study to use the Kalman filter (KF) for the estimation problem of sub-synchronous aspects in series compensated lines as well as SSR mitigation [111].…”

Microgrid Protection through Adaptive Overcurrent Relay Coordination

“…Essentially, the main problem in using the distance protection is that the DER between the measurement point and fault point acts as an intermediate in-feed that is negatively affecting the accuracy of impedance measurement. In fact, distance protection is more applicable for the protection of transmission grids [11]. Their consideration for applications in MG is still difficult [12].…”