Adaptive distance protection setting in presence of mid-point STATCOM using synchronized measurement

Adaptive ground distance protection for UPFC compensated transmission lines: A formulation considering the fault resistance effect

“…The voltage and current data are measured at the relay location, UPFC and remote end using a sampling rate of 128 samples per cycle, and the phasors are estimated using a half-cycle Fourier filter [21]. The results are compared with a commonly used relay operation formulation (20), as performed in [3,10,15]. In this work, the formulation (20) is named the Traditional Formulation.…”

“…In an attempt to address these issues, the negative effects of using FACTS on transmission line distance protection systems are presented in [3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…Similarly, [10,9] presents an adaptive methodology for distance protection in the presence of SVCs. In [15], the author presents an adaptive formulation to protect transmission lines compensated via STATCOM based on synchronized measurements. A study of the effects of UPFC on distance protection and novel adaptive distance protection methodologies is presented in [8,[12][13][14].…”

“…Furthermore, any change in operating conditions (such as different load conditions and different controlled reference parameters) or system parameters (such as changes in transmission line impedances) imply the need to generate new trip characteristics. The work in [15] is the only work that presents an adaptive tripping characteristic without the need to generate new trip characteristic for every change in system operating characteristics. However, this work only considers STATCOM's compensation at the transmission line mid-point.…”

Mitigation of Power Quality Issues Due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in Electric Grid Systems Using Three-Phase APF/STATCOM Technologies: A Review

“…Split DC-link topology provides a neutral common point for three-phase VSI, 3P3W, and 3P4W systems [142,143], and uses two connector pairs to split the single leg, thus providing a neutral path or midpoint connection [144,145], as depicted in Figure 11. The three-leg split capacitor and four-leg VSI-based topologies are the most demanding configurations for the 3P3W APF system.…”