Adaptive Expertise in Continuing Pharmacy Professional Development

Steenhof, Naomi

doi:10.3390/pharmacy8010021

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Day-to-day workplace experiences were the most preferred method of CE, a finding consistent with that of other health professionals ( Mlambo et al, 2021 ). This finding highlights the importance of including one-to-one learning methods, problem-solving, role plays, and case-based learning options in the programs to increase procedural skills effectiveness ( Steenhof, 2020 ) to ensure CE is aligned with workplace learning needs. Men preferred group work and lectures more than women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of Pharmacists’ Preferences and Barriers to Access Continuing Education: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lebanon

et al. 2022

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The implementation of continuing education programs for pharmacists in Lebanon is emerging and needs to be further developed and strengthened to fill the gaps between knowledge acquisition and its application in the workplace. This study examined the perceptions of pharmacist preferences for and barriers to access programs. A crosssectional descriptive study was undertaken with a convenience sample of 142 pharmacists who were surveyed in their workplace. Almost 83.1% of pharmacists reported their day-to-day workplace experiences were the best way to learn. The high cost (50%) and time away from work (37.8%) were the main barriers to continuing education. Pharmacists reported a mean satisfaction of 5.8 (sd = 2.2)/10 with programs suggesting a need for routine needs assessments and adaptation of programs to better meet their learning needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of Pharmacists’ Preferences and Barriers to Access Continuing Education: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lebanon

et al. 2022

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“… 31 Such trainings can support the development of procedural and conceptual knowledge in a local environment to support learning and innovation, which in turn will improve communication between pharmacists and patients or patient’s relatives. 32 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of occupational violence towards pharmacists at practice settings in Nigeria

Khalid¹,

Idris²,

Jatau³

et al. 2020

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background: Occupational Violence is prevalent among healthcare workers, including pharmacists, and poses a big threat to their job satisfaction, safety, and social wellbeing. Objective: This study seeks to assess the incidents and factors associated with occupational violence towards pharmacists in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists practicing in Nigeria, using an online survey (Google FormTM). Occupational violence was assessed using a validated questionnaire. The survey was conducted and reported based on the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Participants were recruited by sharing the survey link via social media platforms including WhatsApp, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Results: A total of 263 respondents returned the online questionnaire, with a completion rate of 99.2%. The prevalence of occupational violence was 92.7% (95% CI, 90 to 96). Violent events occurred among 48.7% of pharmacists with at least six years of experience, and 68.4% of hospital pharmacists. The commonly reported factors associated with the violence include long waiting times in the pharmacy (36.5%), refusal to fulfil aggressor’s demands (22.1%), and counseling/poor communication (21.7%). Events related to verbal abuse were reported among 95% of the participants. The prevalence of violence was significantly higher among hospital pharmacists, compared with those practicing in administration/regulatory, and in community pharmacies (chi-square=10.213 (2); p=0.006). Similarly, physical aggression was higher among hospital pharmacists (chi-square=10.646 (2), p = 0.005). Conclusions: The prevalence of occupational violence towards pharmacists practicing in Nigeria appeared to be high. Major factors associated with the violence were refusal to fulfil aggressors’ demands and frustrations due to long waiting times at pharmacy. Recommended strategies to slowdown the incidences of violence were improved pharmacists’ workforce, interprofessional harmony, and penalties against perpetrators.

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“…Although adaptive experts have many qualities, Hatano and Inagaki described three qualities in their original paper: “the ability to articulate the principles that underlie their skills, the ability to judge conventional and nonconventional versions of skills, and the ability to alter skills according to contextual changes” [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Adaptive Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, I wrote an article entitled “Adaptive Expertise in Continuing Pharmacy Professional Development” [ 3 ]. Since that article was published, I have received many questions from pharmacy educators asking about educational strategies that support adaptive expertise development in an undergraduate education context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Expertise in Undergraduate Pharmacy Education

Steenhof

2023

Pharmacy

Self Cite

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Pharmacy educators are grappling with concerns around curriculum overload and core pharmacist competencies in a rapidly changing and increasingly complex healthcare landscape. Adaptive expertise provides a conceptual framework to guide educators as they design instructional activities that can support students on their journey towards becoming pharmacists who can perform procedural tasks efficiently, as well as creatively handle new and difficult-to-anticipate problems that arise regularly in pharmacy practice. This article explores undergraduate pharmacy education through a cognitive psychology lens and foregrounds three instructional design strategies which support the development of adaptive expertise: (1) cognitive integration, (2) productive failure, and (3) inventing with contrasting cases. These three evidence-based strategies cultivate long-term learning and provide a practical mechanism to combat curriculum overload and backwards-facing assessments. Pharmacy education can encourage the development of procedural and conceptual knowledge and position pharmacy students to excel as they move into more complicated and ambiguous roles in our healthcare system.

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Adaptive Expertise in Continuing Pharmacy Professional Development

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of Pharmacists’ Preferences and Barriers to Access Continuing Education: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lebanon

Evaluation of Pharmacists’ Preferences and Barriers to Access Continuing Education: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lebanon

Assessment of occupational violence towards pharmacists at practice settings in Nigeria

Adaptive Expertise in Undergraduate Pharmacy Education

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