Adaptive Group Routing and Scheduling in Multicast Time-Sensitive Networks

Abstract

Traditionally, industrial networks rely on field bus to support real-time applications. In the trend of industrial internet of things (IIoT), traffic load has increased dramatically, and industrial networks are moving towards time-sensitive networking (TSN), which is based on the widely used Ethernet. In TSN, the time-triggered mechanism is a promising technology for real-time control due to its ability to provide deterministic latency and jitter guarantees. However, this mechanism is mainly based on offline computed schedules, making it difficult to satisfy dynamic requirements in data transmission of IIoT. In this paper, we propose an adaptive group routing and scheduling (AGRS) approach in multicast time-sensitive networks. The framework of this approach contains three phases including pre-processing, schedule synthesis, and post-processing phases. While the pre-processing phase first prunes unnecessary links and adaptively groups qualified complete subgraphs of the network to obtain a simplified topology, the schedule synthesis phase then jointly considers routing and scheduling processes based on the simplified topology to improve schedulability. Finally, the post-processing phase handles the scheduling results of previous phases to generate a feasible schedule. Experiments show that our approach improves schedulability by 68% and reduces execution time by 74% for multicast time-sensitive networks compared with existing approaches. INDEX TERMS Integer linear programming, real-time scheduling, time-sensitive networks.

Approaching 6G Use Case Requirements with Multicasting

“…Within this category of use cases, multicasting can be used to upgrade the software of a collection of internet of things (IoT) devices or switch on a set of street lights at once. Additionally, the majority of industrial applications use multicasting for system control [6], where deterministic latency and jitter are needed to achieve real-time control. Compared to multiple unicast transmissions, multicasting in this situation results in more effective bandwidth utilization, reduced delay, and improved energy and resource utilization since data are sent only once for all devices.…”

Critical Offset Optimizations for Overlapping-Based Time-Triggered Windows in Time-Sensitive Network

“…The authors in [18], [19] recommended adapting GCL-timings according to the network resources availability and instantaneous traffic intensity, while [20], [21] proposed a scheduling algorithm with online updating to efficiently integrate incoming flows. [13], [22], [23] on the other hand, recommended joint routing and scheduling algorithms targeting suitable use of network resources and proper load balancing. However, increasing the GCL adaptability requires an excellent control system for the overall network elements.…”

Network Calculus-Based Latency for Time-Triggered Traffic under Flexible Window-Overlapping Scheduling (FWOS) in a Time-Sensitive Network (TSN)

“…Yu et al [31] presented a scheduling design with online updating to suitably integrate incoming data. Several other pieces of the research have proposed joint routing and scheduling algorithms, as in [32][33][34]. Other interesting works have suggested using the software-defined network (SDN) protocol to manage TSN scheduling, as in [1,35,36].…”