Adaptive Immunity and Trypanosomiasis-Driven B-Cell Destruction

Magez, Stefan; Radwanska, Magdalena

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1556-5_5

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Our findings echo work in diverse animal and plant hosts that suggest pathogen recognition and responses are dynamic and can impact immunity during infection [ 16 , 38 – 40 ]. Other types of “unmasking” might take place in a number of infections, as masking of epitopes has been demonstrated for bacteria [ 3 ], viruses [ 4 ], fungi [ 5 – 7 ], protozoans [ 8 ] and helminths [ 9 ]. While the microbial cell wall is an adaptable landscape that is capable of responding to numerous stimuli, we still have a limited understanding of how cell wall architecture changes in vivo and how host-pathogen interactions influence PAMP availability during infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Attack Triggers Extracellular Trap-Dependent Candida Cell Wall Remodeling and Altered Immune Recognition

et al. 2016

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Pathogens hide immunogenic epitopes from the host to evade immunity, persist and cause infection. The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which can cause fatal disease in immunocompromised patient populations, offers a good example as it masks the inflammatory epitope β-glucan in its cell wall from host recognition. It has been demonstrated previously that β-glucan becomes exposed during infection in vivo but the mechanism behind this exposure was unknown. Here, we show that this unmasking involves neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) mediated attack, which triggers changes in fungal cell wall architecture that enhance immune recognition by the Dectin-1 β-glucan receptor in vitro. Furthermore, using a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis, we demonstrate the requirement for neutrophils in triggering these fungal cell wall changes in vivo. Importantly, we found that fungal epitope unmasking requires an active fungal response in addition to the stimulus provided by neutrophil attack. NET-mediated damage initiates fungal MAP kinase-driven responses, particularly by Hog1, that dynamically relocalize cell wall remodeling machinery including Chs3, Phr1 and Sur7. Neutrophil-initiated cell wall disruptions augment some macrophage cytokine responses to attacked fungi. This work provides insight into host-pathogen interactions during disseminated candidiasis, including valuable information about how the C. albicans cell wall responds to the biotic stress of immune attack. Our results highlight the important but underappreciated concept that pattern recognition during infection is dynamic and depends on the host-pathogen dialog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil Attack Triggers Extracellular Trap-Dependent Candida Cell Wall Remodeling and Altered Immune Recognition

et al. 2016

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“…The genus Glossina is divided into three taxonomically distinct groups based on morphological characteristics, habitat requirements and preferred hosts [106] Fusca can be found in forest areas and near riverbanks e.g., G. fusca, G. longipennis, G. brevipalis and G. fuscipleuris [99,107]. According to a distribution map produced by Ford and Katondo in 1977, two thirds of Tanzania was infested by 10 species and subspecies of tsetse fly.…”

Section: Tsetse Distribution and Occurrences In Tanzaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Disease Vectors in Tanzania: Distribution, Control and Challenges

Kweka¹,

Kimaro²,

Kimaro³

et al. 2017

Biological Control of Pest and Vector Insects

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Disease vectors remain a major public health challenge in spite of efforts done to control across Tanzania. Different disease vectors have been controlled and efforts are on to eradicate them but challenges are still emerging and managed. In spite of all these success, different disease vectors have been observed to have developed resistance to all classes of insecticides used in public health practices in Tanzania.Resistance reports to main different vectors have been coming throughout Tanzania. The resistance of vectors to insecticides has been of different mechanisms depending on species, insecticides and mechanisms of action of the pesticides. Social economic factors and housing style still a major factor for the distribution and foci of vector abundance. The impact of public health intervention has been observed but still disease vector existence is noticed. Careful monitoring of the public health priorities for disease vectors control should be rethought to keep the elimination track live. Different tools such as insecticides use, understanding control measures, vector distribution and human lifestyle can lead to reduced burden caused by disease vectors. This chapter has described mosquitoes, tsetse flies, soft ticks, blackflies, and houseflies in terms of distribution, abundance, control and challenges of eradication in Tanzania.

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Adaptive Immunity and Trypanosomiasis-Driven B-Cell Destruction

Cited by 2 publications

References 78 publications

Neutrophil Attack Triggers Extracellular Trap-Dependent Candida Cell Wall Remodeling and Altered Immune Recognition

Neutrophil Attack Triggers Extracellular Trap-Dependent Candida Cell Wall Remodeling and Altered Immune Recognition

Major Disease Vectors in Tanzania: Distribution, Control and Challenges

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