This paper conducts an empirical analysis based on the VAR model to explore the mechanism of the long-term spillover effects of our country's pension insurance on economic growth. The study reveals that the implementation of the pension insurance system can stimulate consumption and savings among the elderly, thus promoting economic growth. Additionally, it encourages increased labor supply and fosters the accumulation of human capital, exerting a positive impact on economic growth. The equity and sustainability of pension insurance can improve income distribution and reduce wealth disparity, leading to a favorable impact on economic growth. Furthermore, the empirical analysis demonstrates the long-term spillover effects of pension insurance on economic growth, providing significant support for the sustainable development of the pension insurance system and economic growth. This holds considerable theoretical and practical value for formulating pension insurance policies and promoting sustainable economic development.