ADAPTIVE MATERNAL ADJUSTMENTS OF OFFSPRING SIZE IN RESPONSE TO CONSPECIFIC DENSITY IN TWO POPULATIONS OF THE LEAST KILLIFISH,<i>HETERANDRIA FORMOSA</i>

Leips, Jeff; Richardson, Jean M. L.; Rodd, F. Helen; Travis, Joseph

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00631.x

Cited by 68 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This finding is in contrast to studies in other species showing that mothers produce fewer but larger offspring at high densities (Both 2000;Creighton 2005;Goubault et al 2007;Plaistow et al 2007;Allen et al 2008;Leips et al 2009). Thus, there is mixed empirical evidence with respect to how females adjust the number versus the size of their offspring in response to intense levels of competition.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Effects of Prior Contest Experience and Contest Outcome on Female Reproductive Decisions and Offspring Fitness

Pilakouta

Halford

Rácz

et al. 2016

The American Naturalist

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Dryad data: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fq22f.abstract: Winning or losing a prior contest can influence the outcome of future contests, but it might also alter subsequent reproductive decisions. For example, losers may increase their investment in the current breeding attempt if losing a contest indicates limited prospects for future breeding. Using the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, we tested whether females adjust their prehatching and posthatching reproductive effort after winning or losing a contest with a same-sex conspecific. Burying beetles breed on carcasses of small vertebrates for which there is fierce intrasexual competition. We found no evidence that winning or losing a contest influenced reproductive investment decisions in this species. Instead, we show that a female's prior contest experience (regardless of its outcome) influenced the amount of posthatching care provided, with downstream consequences for the female's reproductive output; both winners and losers spent more time provisioning food to their offspring and produced larger broods than females with no contest experience. We discuss the wider implications of our findings and present a conceptual model linking contestmediated adjustments in parental investment to population-level processes. We propose that the frequency of intraspecific contests could both influence and be influenced by population dynamics in species where contest experience influences the size and/or number of offspring produced.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Effects of Prior Contest Experience and Contest Outcome on Female Reproductive Decisions and Offspring Fitness

Pilakouta

Halford

Rácz

et al. 2016

The American Naturalist

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“…Fish density can also have strong effects on patterns of reproductive allocation (Leips et al, 2009). However, the patterns observed in this study are unlikely to be due to density dependence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Reproductive life history of Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel, 1848) (Poeciliinae: Poeciliidae) in the Honduran interior highlands: trait variation along an elevational gradient

2016

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This study examined reproductive traits and growth rates of Heterandria bimaculata (Poeciliidae) in Cusuco National Park (CNP), a cloud forest reserve in northern Honduras, Central America. In CNP, H. bimaculata occurs in the absence of other fish species and major invertebrate predators along an approximately 1000 m elevation gradient. This allowed for the examination of trait variation along the gradient without the confounding effects of interspecific interactions or habitat patchiness. Heterandria bimaculata exhibited traits characteristic of a low-predation environment: balanced sex ratio, slow growth, late maturity and large female size. Females produced more, smaller eggs from upstream to downstream, but overall reproductive allocation remained constant along the gradient. Maximum male length and annual growth rates increased from upstream to downstream, but female growth showed no trend. The patterns of growth and reproductive allocation tradeoff are consistent with predicted response to a longitudinally-increasing productivity gradient in which food resources become more abundant downstream. Macrobrachium and Bellastoma could have caused some predation, but were sparse and patchily distributed. Fish density remained fairly constant among elevations; if food resources were limiting in upstream habitats, per-capita resource availability would be lower and density-dependent competition would drive selection for larger but fewer, more competitive offspring. Future work should quantify longitudinal changes in productivity and conduct experiments to decouple the effects of stream order and fish density dependence.Este estudo analisou características reprodutivas e taxas de crescimento de Heterandria bimaculata (Poeciliidae) no Parque Nacional de Cusuco (CNP), uma reserva florestal nubosa no norte de Honduras, América Central. No CNP, H. bimaculata ocorre na ausência de outras espécies de peixes e grandes predadores invertebrados, ao longo de um gradiente de aproximadamente 1.000 m de altitude. Isto permitiu a análise de variação das características ao longo do gradiente sem a interferência dos efeitos de interações interespecíficas ou desconexão de hábitat. Heterandria bimaculata exibiu traços característicos de um ambiente de baixa predação: proporção sexual equilibrada, de crescimento lento, maturidade tardia e fêmeas de grande porte. As fêmeas produzem mais ovos menores de montante para jusante, mas a alocação reprodutiva global manteve-se constante ao longo do gradiente. O comprimento máximo dos machos e as taxas de crescimento anual aumentaram da montante para jusante, mas o crescimento as fêmeas não mostrou nenhuma tendência. Os padrões de crescimento e alteração de alocação reprodutiva são consistentes com a resposta prevista para um gradiente de produtividade que aumenta longitudinalmente, no qual os recursos alimentares se tornam mais abundantes a jusante. Macrobrachium e Bellastoma poderiam ter causado alguma predação, mas foram escassos e pouco distribuídos. A densidade de peixes manteve-se relativ...

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“…Density‐induced maternal effects on offspring size at parturition and offspring growth rate have been described in two of these populations (Leips et al. 2009, 2013). If differences in growth rate generate shape differences via the developmental connections among features and overall growth, then density‐induced maternal effects on growth rate could masquerade as genetic effects on shape in a study like ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2000; Leips et al. 2000, 2009; Soucy and Travis 2003; Richardson et al. 2006; Schrader and Travis 2009; Schrader et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape variation in the least killifish: ecological associations of phenotypic variation and the effects of a common garden

Landy

Travis

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Studies of the adaptive significance of variation among conspecific populations often focus on a single ecological factor. However, habitats rarely differ in only a single ecological factor, creating a challenge for identifying the relative importance of the various ecological factors that might be maintaining local adaptation. Here we investigate the ecological factors associated with male body shape variation among nine populations of the poeciliid fish, Heterandria formosa, from three distinct habitats and combine those results with a laboratory study of three of those populations to assess the contributions of genetic and environmental influences to shape variation. Field‐collected animals varied principally in three ways: the orientation of the gonopodium, the intromittent organ; the degree of body depth and streamlining; and the shape of the tail musculature. Fish collected in the spring season were larger and had a more anteriorly positioned gonopodium than fish collected in autumn. Fish collected from lotic springs were larger and more streamlined than those collected from lentic ponds or tidal marshes. Some of the variation in male shape among populations within habitats was associated with population‐level variation in species richness, adult density, vegetative cover, predation risk, and female standard length. Population‐level differences among males in body size, position of the gonopodium, and shape of the tail musculature were maintained among males reared in a common environment. In contrast, population variation in the degree of streamlining was eliminated when males were reared in a common environment. These results illustrate the complicated construction of multivariate phenotypic variation and suggest that different agents of selection have acted on different components of shape.

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ADAPTIVE MATERNAL ADJUSTMENTS OF OFFSPRING SIZE IN RESPONSE TO CONSPECIFIC DENSITY IN TWO POPULATIONS OF THE LEAST KILLIFISH,HETERANDRIA FORMOSA

Cited by 68 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of Prior Contest Experience and Contest Outcome on Female Reproductive Decisions and Offspring Fitness

Effects of Prior Contest Experience and Contest Outcome on Female Reproductive Decisions and Offspring Fitness

Reproductive life history of Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel, 1848) (Poeciliinae: Poeciliidae) in the Honduran interior highlands: trait variation along an elevational gradient

Shape variation in the least killifish: ecological associations of phenotypic variation and the effects of a common garden

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