“…Provided that these conditions are carefully considered, r-adaptive methods can be used with considerable success for many time-evolving systems. Examples of these include computational fluid dynamics (Yanenko, Kroshko, Liseikin, Fomin, Shapeev and Shitov 1976), groundwater flow Zhan 2004, Huang, Zheng andZhan 2002), blow-up problems (Budd, Huang and Russell 1996, Budd and Williams 2006, Ceniceros and Hou 2001, Ren and Wang 2000, chemotaxis systems (Budd, Carretero-Gonzalez and Russell 2005), reaction-diffusion systems (Zegeling and Kok 2004), the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (Sulem and Sulem 1999, Ceniceros 2002, Budd, Chen and Russell 1999a, phase change problems (Mackenzie and Robertson 2002, Mackenzie and Mekwi 2007a, Tan, Lim and Khoo 2007, shear layer calculations (Tang 2005), gas dynamics Petzold 1997, Li, Petzold andRen 1998), hyperbolic conservation laws with high Mach number (Li and Petzold 1997, Tang 2005, Stockie, Mackenzie and Russell 2000, Tang and Tang 2003, problems with high vorticity (Ceniceros and Hou 2001), magneto-hydrodynamics (Tan 2007) and meteorological problems (Budd and Piggott 2005). More details of such applications are given in Section 5.…”