“…Compared with the existing controls in [2,8,10,11,40,62], the adaptive fuzzy control laws presented in [47][48][49] have solved the tracking problem for nonlinear uncertain discrete-time systems with unknown control direction and input nonlinearities (such as dead zone, backlash-like hysteresis, and backlash), by using the reinforcement learning algorithm. • Uncertainty: In most practical situations, the systems under control are unknown or partially unknown [4,7,12,13,17,19,22,31,42,56,57,61]. These facts require specific control tools to deal with the controller design process, being one of the most extended ones the adaptive control paradigm.…”