In this paper, the problem of fault-tolerant insensitive control is addressed for a class of linear time-invariant continuous-time systems against bounded time-varying actuator faults and controller gain variations. Adaptive mechanisms are developed to adjust controller gains in order to compensate for the detrimental effects of partial loss of control effectiveness and bias-actuator faults. Variations of controller gains arise from time-varying and bounded perturbations that are supposed to always exist in adaptive mechanisms. Based on the disturbed outputs of adaptive mechanisms, three different adaptive control strategies are constructed to achieve bounded stability results of the closed-loop adaptive fault-tolerant control systems in the presence of actuator faults and controller gain variations. Furthermore, comparisons of convergence boundaries of states and limits of control inputs among adaptive strategies are developed in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed adaptive control strategies and their comparisons are demonstrated by a rocket fairing structural-acoustic model. KEYWORDS actuator faults, bounded stability, disturbed adaptive mechanisms, fault-tolerant control system
INTRODUCTIONIn a practical control system, it is inevitable that a component such as an actuator or a sensor is faulty at some instants because of the reason of coming from the component's quality, external working environment, internal operation conditions, etc. Under unexpected faults of components, fault-tolerant control (FTC) designs are critical to be developed to maintain stability of systems and prevent performance degradation seriously. 1,2 During the past two decades, various FTC and some relative methods have been proposed for nonlinear systems such as aircraft, 3,4 robots, 5,6 interconnected systems such as networked systems 7,8 and multiagent systems, 9-11 linear systems with time delays, 12 uncertainties and disturbances, 13 state/input saturations, 14,15 and controller gain variations. 16,17 Among those methods, active FTC has received increasing attention because of its advantages of online changing controller structure and adjusting the control parameters to accommodate actuator and sensor faults.The existing active FTC designs can be broadly classified into two categories, that is, fault detection and isolation (FDI)-based FTC and adaptive FTC designs. In the study of FDI-based FTC systems, FTC strategies are designed based on the exactly faulty information, which is obtained by FDI mechanisms. 13,18 On the other hand, an adaptive technique that can estimate the changes of system parameters in real time has been widely used to deal with many issues in Int J Adapt Control Signal Process. 2019;33: 175-195. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/acs