“…The algorithm designers set the values of the parameters in the offline methods before running the algorithm, and the values remain unchanged during the search process, whereas in the online parameter setting, the values of the parameters are adjusted in real-time. Concerning the philosophy of adopted online parameter settings, the DE variants can be classified into three classes: deterministic, adaptive, and self-adaptive (Eiben and Smith, 2015;Lu et al, 2020;Maučec and Brest, 2019). Some DE algorithms utilize deterministic rules to set the parameter values without getting any feedback (Eiben and Smith, 2015;Storn and Price, 1997), while SaDE (Qin and Suganthan, 2005), jDE (Brest et al, 2006), ADE (dos Santos Coelho et al, 2013), and SaNSDE (Yang et al, 2008) dynamically adapt the new values by getting feedback from the search process.…”