Adaptive ontogenetic shifts in larval responses to environmental cues

Brackley, Allison; Lill, John T.; Weiss, Martha R.

doi:10.1111/eea.13114

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…For example, some species of Lepidoptera possess the ability to synthesize antifreeze compounds while others may burrow underground or find other sheltering mechanisms to survive winter conditions (Brackley, 2021;Downes, 1965;Layne Jr & Kuharsky, 2000). Further, responses to environmental cues can vary ontogenetically (Brackley et al, 2021) N "Overwinter…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of occupancy decline among cold‐adapted Arctic and boreal butterflies in North America

Shirey,

Neupane,

Guralnick

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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Global climate change has been identified as a potential driver of observed insect declines, yet in many regions, there are critical data gaps that make it difficult to assess how communities are responding to climate change. Poleward regions are of particular interest because warming is most rapid while biodiversity data are most sparse. Building on recent advances in occupancy modeling of presence‐only data, we reconstructed 50 years (1970–2019) of butterfly occupancy trends in response to rising minimum temperatures in one of the most under‐sampled regions of North America. Among 90 modeled species, we found that cold‐adapted species are far more often in decline compared with their warm‐adapted, more southernly distributed counterparts. Furthermore, in a post hoc analysis using species' traits, we find that species' range‐wide average annual temperature is the only consistent predictor of occupancy changes. Species with warmer ranges were most likely to be increasing in occupancy. This trend results in the majority of butterflies increasing in occupancy probability over the last 50 years. Our results provide the first look at macroscale butterfly biodiversity shifts in high‐latitude North America. These results highlight the potential of leveraging the wealth of presence‐only data, the most abundant source of biodiversity data, for inferring changes in species distributions.

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Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of occupancy decline among cold‐adapted Arctic and boreal butterflies in North America

Shirey,

Neupane,

Guralnick

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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Ecological Predictors of Pupal Survival in a Common North American Butterfly

Brackley

Lill

Weiss

2022

Environmental Entomology

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All holometabolous insects undergo a pupal life stage, a transformative period during which the insects are immobile and thus particularly vulnerable to both natural enemies and harmful abiotic conditions. For multivoltine species like the silver-spotted skipper [Epargyreus clarus (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)], which produces both diapausing and nondiapausing generations throughout much of its range, both the duration of the pupal stage and the ecological challenges faced by pupae can differ among generations. We conducted a set of field experiments to investigate the seasonal and annual variation in pupal mortality for E. clarus pupae experiencing different biotic and abiotic conditions. We also examined the behavioral and ecological factors influencing the construction and persistence of pupal shelters by prepupal larvae. Surprisingly, measures of both cumulative and daily pupal predation were significantly higher during the relatively short (10–14 d) nondiapausing (summer) generations, compared with the diapausing (winter) generations, despite a nearly 20-fold longer pupal duration recorded for the latter. Indirect evidence from field censuses suggested that this intergenerational difference in mortality was due to seasonal variation in consumption of pupae by generalist vertebrate predators. The presence of a shelter increased survival in summer, though not in winter, perhaps because winter pupae were likely to be buried under autumnal leaf litter, regardless of initial shelter status. When constructing their shelters, prepupal E. clarus larvae did not prefer host leaves over nonhost leaves, suggesting that induced preferences are unlikely to play an important role in this process. Despite finding marked differences in the decomposition rates of shelter leaves derived from host vs. nonhost plants, several lines of evidence suggest that these differences are unlikely to impact E. clarus pupal mortality during either the summer or winter generations.

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Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of shifting Arctic and boreal butterfly communities in North America

Shirey

Neupane

Guralnick

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Global climate change has been identified as a major driver of observed insect declines, yet in many regions there are critical knowledge gaps for how communities are responding to climate. Poleward regions are of particular interest because warming is most rapid while biodiversity data are most sparse. Building on recent advances in occupancy modeling of presence-only data, we reconstructed 50 years (1970-2019) of butterfly population trends in response to rising minimum temperatures in one of the most under sampled regions of the continent. Among 90 modeled species, we found that cold-adapted species are far more often in decline compared to their warm-adapted, more southerly distributed counterparts. Further, in a post-hoc analysis using species' traits, we find that species' range-wide average annual temperature and wingspan are a consistent predictor of occupancy changes. Species with warmer ranges and larger wingspans were most likely to be increasing in occupancy. Our results provide the first look at macroscale butterfly biodiversity shifts in a critically under sampled region of North America. Further, these results highlight the potential of leveraging the wealth of presence only data, the most abundant source of historical insect biodiversity. New approaches to the modeling of presence only data will match recent increases in community science participation with sparse historical records to reconstruct trends even in poorly sampled regions.

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Adaptive ontogenetic shifts in larval responses to environmental cues

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of occupancy decline among cold‐adapted Arctic and boreal butterflies in North America

Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of occupancy decline among cold‐adapted Arctic and boreal butterflies in North America

Ecological Predictors of Pupal Survival in a Common North American Butterfly

Rising minimum temperatures contribute to 50 years of shifting Arctic and boreal butterfly communities in North America

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